A todos antes de capitulo seis Flashcards
0
Q
Explored Florida and claimed it for Spain
A
Ponce de Leon
1
Q
In Italian explorer sailing for the Spanish crown whose exploration of the Caribbean made Europeans aware of the Americas, prompting further exploration and settlement.
A
Columbus
2
Q
Powerful civilizations in Central and South
A
Aztecs and Incas
4
Q
Spanish mercenaries who invaded Central and South America during 1500s and conquered the native Inca and Aztec civilizations.
A
Conquistadores
5
Q
A Spanish policy dictating that a Spaniard given land in the New World was responsible for the natives, who essentially became that landowner’s property.
A
Encomienda
6
Q
Modern term referring to the exchange of plants, animals, and people between the Old and New World as a result of exploration, colonization, and slavery. European explorers brought back new crops and livestock while tragically bringing European diseases to the New World, which decimated Indian populations.
A
The Great Exchange
7
Q
As the French and British squabbled over land and trading rights, the confederacy sided with whichever side offered more advantages.
A
The Iroquois Confederacy
8
Q
A medieval English document that limited the power of the monarchy, it was a notable influence on colonial government and American constitutional principles.
A
Magna Carta
9
Q
The colony founded in present-day Virginia in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh; all its citizens mysteriously vanished.
A
Roanoke
10
Q
The British explorer who navigated what is now New York while sailing on behalf of the Dutch in 1609. His goal was to find a pas- sage to East Asia for Dutch merchants, but he instead discovered what became the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam.
A
Henry Hudson
11
Q
The company established in England in 1607 to establish a permanent colony in America. The result was the founding of Jamestown by Captain John Smith.
A
VA Company
12
Q
Led the Jamestown Colony
A
John Smith
13
Q
Written by the Pilgrims on their journey to the New World, this agreement established a secular body to govern their new colony. The compact became the basis for the separation of church and state in the American constitution.
A
Mayflower Compact
14
Q
First governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony; opposed democracy
A
Winthrop
15
Q
A military alliance formed in 1643 between the English colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven in case of Indian attack.
A
New England Confederation
16
Q
A system of agricultural mass production involving large farms (plantations) and crops like cotton that require processing after harvest. The plantation system in the Americas depended on slave labor for its success.
A
Plantation System
17
Q
social contract between state and citizen
A
John Locke
18
Q
Wealth of Nations.
A
Adam Smith
19
Q
This 1649 document permitted the practice of all Christian religions in Maryland, which made the colony a haven for Catholics in the New World.
A
Act of Toleration
20
Q
A British royal act granting permission to establish a colony.
A
Royal Charter
21
Q
These royal decrees in the 1660s prevented English colonies from trading with any country other than England.
A
Navigation Laws.
22
Q
Rebellion led by Bacon over the abuse of indentured servants. Brought light to social divisions of the colony and increased calls for slaves.
A
Bacon rebellion
23
Q
A Protestant sect whose members believed that clergy was unnecessary for worship
A
Quakers
24
Q
Accused of heresy by Puritans for preaching antinomianism (faith alone is necessary for salvation) and claiming she was divinely inspired
A
Anne Hutchinson
25
The idea that faith alone is necessary for salva- tion, not obedience to religious law.
Antinomianism
26
An example of participatory democracy com- mon in the colonies; citizens and local gov- ernment would meet yearly to elect officers, determine taxes, and pass laws.
Town Meetings
27
"Give me liberty or give me death"
Patrick Henry
28
Like the Stamp Act of 1765, an internal tax taxed goods made and sold within the colo- nies. The colonists preferred external taxa- tion, like the 1764 Sugar Act, which meant merchants were responsible for paying taxes applied to imports.
Internal vs. External taxes.
29
1st Great Awakening leader
Jonathan Edwards
30
Aided colonies during the A. Revolution by training and advising the colonial militia.
Lafayette
31
One of the celebrated writers of American in- dependence, this Pennsylvania lawyer crafted a declaration of colonial rights and grievances in protest of the Townshend Acts. Nonethe- less, he refused to sign the Declaration of Independence, believing that the colonies should first complete the Articles of Confederation.
Dickinson
32
When the British customs ship Gaspee ran aground in 1772, colonists boarded the ship and destroyed it. Britain demanded that the perpetrators be tried not in a colonial court but in England. This shocking demand inspired the colonists to form Committees of Correspondence
Gaspee Affair
33
Secret governments organized by American colonies to supersede colonial legislatures and British officials. These committees spread news of colonial resistance and helped communities organize against British loyalists and merchants who complied with oppressive taxation.
Committees of Correspondence
34
The 1774 convention in Philadelphia where 12 of the 13 colonies met to draft a Declaration of Rights and Grievances to King George III. The colonies at this point still acknowledged the right of the British Parliament to regulate trade in the Americas.
1st Continental Congress
35
The 1775 convention where colonial repre- sentatives prepared for the inevitable war with England; the convention elected Virginian George Washington to lead the Continental Army.
2nd Continental Congress
36
The last ditch attempt by the Continental Con- gress to avoid war with England in 1775. The petition affirmed the loyalty of the colonies to the king and requested that he address their complaints. The petition was refused.
Olive Branch Petition
37
A general in the Continental army who was caught plotting to surrender to the British in 1778 in exchange for a position in the British military
Benedict Arnold
38
After several defeats in New York, the colonial army surprised a Hessian brigade in Trenton, New Jersey. General George Washington crossed the Delaware River with his army on Christmas night in 1776 to achieve the surprise attack, a much-needed victory for colonial forces
Battle of Trenton
39
News of the British defeat compelled France to form a military alliance with the colonists.
Battle of Saratoga
40
The decisive battle of the American Revolu- tion. Colonial forces and the French navy surrounded British commander Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781. When Cornwallis surrendered, the war was all but won for the colonial army.
Battle of Yorktown
41
framework govern- ment for the Northwest territory and outlawed slavery in those future states.
Northwest Ordinance
42
A 1786 rebellion in Massachusetts protesting high taxes, debtors’ prisons, and the lack of valuable currency. The uprising was quickly quelled, yet it underscored that the lack of a federal constitution prevented the states from protecting the rights of citizens.
Shays' Rebellion
43
During the Constitutional Convention, delegates feared that the uneducated would elect an unsuitable president in a direct election. The Electoral College was born from this fear of rule by the mob.
Mobocracy
44
Loose interpretation
Jefferson
45
Strict interpretation
Hamilton
46
An undeclared 1798–1800 naval war between the United States and France when the Adams administration refused to repay war debts to the new French republic and instead sought trade agreements with England.
Quasi-War
47
Removed British troops from the Americas and established trading rights for the United States with England and her colonies.
Jay Treaty
48
When Franco-American relations soured in 1800, President Adams sent envoys to France who were secretly told they could only meet with the French foreign minister if they paid a bribe. Adams was outraged and publicized the bribe request.
XYZ Affair
49
After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, former vice president Aaron Burr joined a mercenary gang in the Louisiana territory. He was captured and accused of seeking Mexican aid for a secession movement in the territories. The Supreme Court acquitted Burr of accusations of treason.
Burr Conspiracy
50
On his last night in office in 1801, President John Adams stayed up until midnight appoint- ing Federalist judges to federal court posts so that his party might maintain influence in the new Democratic-Republican government led by Thomas Jefferson.
Midnight Judges
51
Marbury vs. Madison
- Judicial review
| - Defined constitutional boundary b/w the judicial and executive branches
52
Naval war against Tripoli and Algeria
Tripolitan War
53
Created the 1st steamboat
Fulton
54
War between the United States and England over British trade restrictions for American goods, as well as British seizure of American ships. The defeated British signed the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, which allowed for free Ameri- can trade in Europe.
War of 1812
55
A cause of the war of 1812. British would force anyone who couldn't prove he was an American into service of the British navy.
Impressment
56
New England merchants who opposed trade restriction and the War of 1812 met in Hart- ford in 1814 to advocate for the right of states to nullify federal laws. The convention also discussed seceding from the United States if these demands were not met, which turned public sentiment against the Federalist Party.
Hardford Convention
57
Extreme Federalist critics of the War of 1812 who advocated the secession of New England from the US.
Essex Junto
58
First protective tariff which boosted American manufacturing
Tariff of 1816
59
Economic depression cuz of the national bank
Panic of 1819
60
Introduced textile industry to the US
Lowell
61
The nation's first multimillionaire. Fur-trading magnate who helped finance the War of 1812.
Astor
62
It would admit Missouri into the Union, but free all slave children at 25.
Tallmadge Amendment
63
Tireless advocate of states' rights. Argued the North shouldn't interfere with slavery.
Calhoun.
64
Tariff of Abomination
Tariff of 1828 on imported goods. South HATED it.
65
Argued against Jacksonian democracy.
Webster.
66
Regulate interstate commerce.
Gibbons v. Ogden
67
McCormick
Agricultural reaper
68
Panic of 1837
Payment for federal lands must be in gold or silver. Everything failed.
69
Second President
John Adams
70
Third President
Jefferson
71
Fourth President
Madison - War of 1812
72
Fifth President
Monroe
73
Sixth President
John Quincy Adams - no slavery
74
Seventh President
Jackson
75
Eighth President
Martin Van Buren - Jackson's pupper
76
Ninth President
Harrison - beat Tecumseh
77
Tenth President
John Tyler - wanted Texas
78
An undeclared 1798–1800 naval war between the United States and France when the Adams administration refused to repay war debts to the new French republic and instead sought trade agreements with England.
Quasi-War
79
Removed British troops from the Americas and established trading rights for the United States with England and her colonies.
Jay Treaty
80
When Franco-American relations soured in 1800, President Adams sent envoys to France who were secretly told they could only meet with the French foreign minister if they paid a bribe. Adams was outraged and publicized the bribe request.
XYZ Affair
81
After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, former vice president Aaron Burr joined a mercenary gang in the Louisiana territory. He was captured and accused of seeking Mexican aid for a secession movement in the territories. The Supreme Court acquitted Burr of accusations of treason.
Burr Conspiracy
82
On his last night in office in 1801, President John Adams stayed up until midnight appoint- ing Federalist judges to federal court posts so that his party might maintain influence in the new Democratic-Republican government led by Thomas Jefferson.
Midnight Judges
83
Marbury vs. Madison
- Judicial review
| - Defined constitutional boundary b/w the judicial and executive branches
84
Naval war against Tripoli and Algeria
Tripolitan War
85
Created the 1st steamboat
Fulton
86
War between the United States and England over British trade restrictions for American goods, as well as British seizure of American ships. The defeated British signed the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, which allowed for free Ameri- can trade in Europe.
War of 1812
87
A cause of the war of 1812. British would force anyone who couldn't prove he was an American into service of the British navy.
Impressment
88
New England merchants who opposed trade restriction and the War of 1812 met in Hart- ford in 1814 to advocate for the right of states to nullify federal laws. The convention also discussed seceding from the United States if these demands were not met, which turned public sentiment against the Federalist Party.
Hardford Convention
89
Extreme Federalist critics of the War of 1812 who advocated the secession of New England from the US.
Essex Junto
90
First protective tariff which boosted American manufacturing
Tariff of 1816
91
Economic depression cuz of the national bank
Panic of 1819
92
Introduced textile industry to the US
Lowell
93
The nation's first multimillionaire. Fur-trading magnate who helped finance the War of 1812.
Astor
94
It would admit Missouri into the Union, but free all slave children at 25.
Tallmadge Amendment
95
Tireless advocate of states' rights. Argued the North shouldn't interfere with slavery.
Calhoun.
96
Tariff of Abomination
Tariff of 1828 on imported goods. South HATED it.
97
Argued against Jacksonian democracy.
Webster.
98
Regulate interstate commerce.
Gibbons v. Ogden
99
McCormick
Agricultural reaper
100
Panic of 1837
Payment for federal lands must be in gold or silver. Everything failed.
101
Second President
John Adams
102
Third President
Jefferson
103
Fourth President
Madison - War of 1812
104
Fifth President
Monroe
105
Sixth President
John Quincy Adams - no slavery
106
Seventh President
Jackson
107
Eighth President
Martin Van Buren - Jackson's pupper
108
Ninth President
Harrison - beat Tecumseh
109
Tenth President
John Tyler - wanted Texas
110
An undeclared 1798–1800 naval war between the United States and France when the Adams administration refused to repay war debts to the new French republic and instead sought trade agreements with England.
Quasi-War
111
Removed British troops from the Americas and established trading rights for the United States with England and her colonies.
Jay Treaty
112
When Franco-American relations soured in 1800, President Adams sent envoys to France who were secretly told they could only meet with the French foreign minister if they paid a bribe. Adams was outraged and publicized the bribe request.
XYZ Affair
113
After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, former vice president Aaron Burr joined a mercenary gang in the Louisiana territory. He was captured and accused of seeking Mexican aid for a secession movement in the territories. The Supreme Court acquitted Burr of accusations of treason.
Burr Conspiracy
114
On his last night in office in 1801, President John Adams stayed up until midnight appoint- ing Federalist judges to federal court posts so that his party might maintain influence in the new Democratic-Republican government led by Thomas Jefferson.
Midnight Judges
115
Marbury vs. Madison
- Judicial review
| - Defined constitutional boundary b/w the judicial and executive branches
116
Naval war against Tripoli and Algeria
Tripolitan War
117
Created the 1st steamboat
Fulton
118
War between the United States and England over British trade restrictions for American goods, as well as British seizure of American ships. The defeated British signed the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, which allowed for free Ameri- can trade in Europe.
War of 1812
119
A cause of the war of 1812. British would force anyone who couldn't prove he was an American into service of the British navy.
Impressment
120
New England merchants who opposed trade restriction and the War of 1812 met in Hart- ford in 1814 to advocate for the right of states to nullify federal laws. The convention also discussed seceding from the United States if these demands were not met, which turned public sentiment against the Federalist Party.
Hardford Convention
121
Extreme Federalist critics of the War of 1812 who advocated the secession of New England from the US.
Essex Junto
122
First protective tariff which boosted American manufacturing
Tariff of 1816
123
Economic depression cuz of the national bank
Panic of 1819
124
Introduced textile industry to the US
Lowell
125
The nation's first multimillionaire. Fur-trading magnate who helped finance the War of 1812.
Astor
126
It would admit Missouri into the Union, but free all slave children at 25.
Tallmadge Amendment
127
Tireless advocate of states' rights. Argued the North shouldn't interfere with slavery.
Calhoun.
128
Tariff of Abomination
Tariff of 1828 on imported goods. South HATED it.
129
Argued against Jacksonian democracy.
Webster.
130
Regulate interstate commerce.
Gibbons v. Ogden
131
McCormick
Agricultural reaper
132
Panic of 1837
Payment for federal lands must be in gold or silver. Everything failed.
133
Second President
John Adams
134
Third President
Jefferson
135
Fourth President
Madison - War of 1812
136
Fifth President
Monroe
137
Sixth President
John Quincy Adams - no slavery
138
Seventh President
Jackson
139
Eighth President
Martin Van Buren - Jackson's pupper
140
Ninth President
Harrison - beat Tecumseh
141
Tenth President
John Tyler - wanted Texas
