Unit 6 Flashcards
0
Q
Characteristics of the South?
A
- ) Oligarchy: families with more slaves ran the politics
- ) Undemocratic was the oligarchy
- ) Sir Walter Scott
1
Q
What were some characteristics of the Cotton Kingdom?
A
- ) Huge Agricultural Factory made
- ) North sold cotton abroad
- ) South produced most of the world’s cotton
- ) Britain in partial bondage = US has more power
2
Q
Author, promoted a feudal society
A
Sir Walter Scott
3
Q
Cons of the Cotton Empire?
A
- ) Wasteful agriculture
- ) Monopolistic economy
- ) Financial Instability of the South
- ) South hated how the North reaped benefits of the Cotton Empire
4
Q
Excessive Cultivation
A
People butchered the land
5
Q
Monopolistic economy
A
Big = bigger Small = smaller
6
Q
- ) Heavy investment in slavery
2. ) Slaves injured themselves, ran away, or were killed
A
Financial instability of the slave system
7
Q
Small Slaveowners
A
- ) Small farmers
2. ) worked with the slaves on the farms
8
Q
Whites without slaves
A
- ) no slaves
- ) simple living
- ) “white trash”
- ) most were sick
- ) wanted slaves
- ) still above the blacks
9
Q
- ) Valleys of Appalachians
- ) spartan frontier conditions
- ) hated planters and blacks
- ) crippled confederacy
A
Mountain whites
10
Q
- ) inspired by idealism of the revolutionary days
- ) mulattoes
- ) purchased their freedom
- ) owned property
- ) hated by most people
A
Freed Blacks
11
Q
Was legal importation allowed after 1808?
A
Nope
12
Q
How did the slaves come?
A
They were smuggled into the US, but no one was punished
13
Q
He was punished for smuggling slaves into the US:
A
N.P. Gordon
14
Q
Increase in slave population came from:
A
Natural reproduction
15
Q
Slaves were regarded as:
A
Investments
16
Q
Did the owners give life-threatening jobs to slaves? Why?
A
No, because the slaves costed money and were “property”.
17
Q
Who was given the dangerous jobs?
A
The Irish
18
Q
Slavery did what to the economy?
A
Hobbled it
19
Q
These were brutal:
A
Slave auctions
20
Q
The conditions of the slaves:
A
Varied
21
Q
What rights did the slaves have?
A
- ) Minimal protection from murder or cruel punishments
2. ) some states banned sale of a child under 10 years
22
Q
Most slaves were in the:
A
Black belt of the Deep South
23
Q
The Deep South was
A
SC and GA to AL, MI and LA
24
Stable family life was on:
Large plantations
25
Slaves hung onto:
Their religious practices
26
Could most salves read?
Nope
27
Slave revolt in Richmond:
Gabriel
| It failed
28
Rebellion in Charleston:
Vesey
29
Semi-successful revolt
Turner
30
Abolitionist movement was first stirred among:
Quakers
31
Abolitionists focused on:
Transporting slaves to Africa
32
Why didn't the slave want to go to Africa?
They were "Americanized" and had their own culture
33
What was founded to transport slaves back to Africa?
American Colonization Society
34
Causes of the abolitionist movement:
1. ) Britain unchained slaves in WI
2. ) second Great awakening
3. ) Weld
35
Preached antislavery gospels
Weld
36
Weld's supporters were called
Lane Rebels
37
```
Abolitionist
Stubborn
Wouldn't tolerate slavery at all
No balm for the pain
Wrote the "liberator"
```
Garrison
38
No clothes of cotton because made by slaves
Phillips
39
Former slave
| Flexible and practical
Douglass
40
The south tried to defend slavery by saying that it:
1.) was a positive good
41
Cause of south lashing back:
1. ) turner rebellion
| 2. ) nullification crisis
42
Petitions of freedom of press by
Abolitionists
43
The north didn't want south to secede because:
1. ) heavy economic stake
| 2. ) firm believers of constitution
44
Politicians didn't want to be known as:
Garrisonians
45
Douglass created this party:
Free Soil Party
46
Who became the president after Harrison? What party did he belong to?
John Tyler, Whigs party
47
Why was Tyler put on the presidential ticket?
To attract the southern gentry.
48
While the Whigs supported it, Tyler:
Opposed the bank, protective tariff, and internal improvements
49
Tyler was a _____ at heart.
Democratic
50
The Whigs' platform was:
Strongly nationalistic
51
The Whig Congress wanted to pass a law that ended:
Independent treasury.
52
Clay proposed a bill to establish a new Bank and called it a:
Fiscal Bank
53
President Tyler ____ the Fiscal Bank Bill.
A. Signed
B. Vetoed
B. Vetoed
54
After Tyler vetoed the Fiscal Bank Bill, the Whig leaders tried to pass this:
Fiscal Corporation
55
Did Tyler sign the Fiscal Corporation bill?
No. He vetoed it.
56
Because Tyler did not agree with the Whigs, the leaders tried to:
Impeach him, but didn't succeed.
57
Tyler didn't want tariffs, and vetoed the bill because it called for a:
Distribution of revenue from the sale of western lands among the states
58
After the tariff bill was redrafted, the clauses excluded:
1. ) The dollar-distribution scheme
| 2. ) high rates
59
Did Tyler sign the redrafted tariff bill? Why or why not?
Yes, because the US needed additional revenue
60
Why did the Americans hate the British?
1. ) The two Anglo-American wars.
2. ) The Jacksonian Democrats HATED the British unlike the Federalists who were Pro-British.
3. ) The British basically bitched about the bad parts of the American life in their travel books and the Americans were mad.
4. ) The US borrowed stuff from the British, who were basically jerks.
61
What did the British do to enrage the Americans after writing about them in travel books? Did it result in a war?
The magazines worsened the situation. No, there was no "war", but people just wrote about each other.
62
What HEIGHTENED the conflict?
The Americans helped the Canadians in their insurrection and supplied weapons.
63
Why didn't the neutrality regulations of Washington work?
Regulations couldn't be enforced properly.
64
What led to a "broil" in 1837?
American steamer "Caroline" was attacked by a British force when it was crossing the Niagara River.
65
What was the "McLeod" thingy majiggy about?
McLeod was boasting about his part in the raid of the "Caroline" and he was arrested. The British said a war would take place if McLeod was executed. He was freed later.
66
Why did tensions grow after the McLeod incident?
British officials in the Bahamas offered refuge to Virginian slaves and the US feared the Caribbean would be like Canada for the slaves.
67
What was the Maine Boundary Dispute?
The British wanted to build a route but it ran through the disputed territory claimed by Maine.
68
Aroostook War?
Fights between the local militias of the two sides. Small-scale war which would become a wide-scaled war.
69
What pacified the sides during the Maine dispute?
Ashburton established cordial relations with Webster. Compromise on the Maine boundary.
70
What did the compromise of the Maine Boundary thingy say?
1. ) Americans had 7,000 square miles of land.
2. ) British had 5,000 square miles of land. THEY GOT THE ROUTE!
3. ) BRITISH SURRENDERED 6,500 SQUARE MILES OF LAND!
71
Mexico viewed Texas as ___ and openly threatened to _____ if they annexed Texas:
providence in revolt; fight the Americans
72
Why did Texas make negotiations with Britain and France?
to become a protectorate.
73
Why did Britain want Texas?
1. ) Challenge the Monroe Doctrine
2. ) Free-trade area
3. ) If a few slaves were freed, all the slaves would revolt = British abolitionists.
4. ) No more "American" fiber needed.
74
The Democrats under Polk _______ want Texas in the Union.
Did.
75
Who won the issue of Texas annexation? Democrats or Whigs?
Democrats (Uh, duh?)
76
Tyler wanted annexation so he opted for a:
joint resolution.
77
What was the joint resolution?
Majority in both HofR and Senate.
78
Result of the joint resolution?
Pass!
79
Which countries claimed areas in Oregon?
Spain, Russia, Britain, US
80
Which countries opted out of the Oregon territory?
Spain (Florida Treaty of 1819) and Russia (Treaties of 1824 and 1825)
81
Britain claims to Oregon were based on?
prior discovery and exploration, treaty rights, and occupation
82
American claims to Oregon were strengthened by?
the missionaries
83
What was the scheme of "joint occupation" in Oregon?
Americans and British lived side by side.
84
Why did British eventually lose?
The American population was HUMONGOUS.
85
Parties and Candidates of the Election of 1844?
Dems: Polk
Whigs: Clay
86
the Dems believed in?
Manifest Destiny
87
The victory of Polk was viewed as?
A mandate to annex Texas.
88
Goals of Polk?
1. ) Lowered tariff
2. ) Restoration of independent treasury
3. ) Acquisition of Cali
4. ) Settlement of the Oregon dispute
89
Result of the Oregon dispute?
The British proposed the Compromise of the line of 49 degrees. Basically, not all of it.
90
Status with Mexico and US?
Diplomatic relations were completely severed.
91
What was the boundary of Texas?
Nueces River.
92
Texans wanted?
Rio Grande
93
Who was sent to Mexico for Cali?
John Slidell
94
Polk did what to provoke war with Mexico?
Asked Taylor to march near Mexican forces
95
Santa Anna told Polk that:
If he could go back to Mexico, he would sell Cali. In reality, he didn't.
96
Kearny was to:
Get Cali
97
Who helped overthrow Mexican rule in 1846 and collaborated with US officers?
Fremont
98
Who was the hero of Buena Vista?
General Zachary Taylor
99
Who crushed Mexico City?
Scott
100
Who wrote the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Trist
101
What was the other problem of the Manifest Destiny?
Get Mexico!
102
What did the Treaty Guadalupe Hidalgo say?
1. ) American title to Texas
2. ) Oregon and Cali yielded
3. ) Ended the Mexican-American War
103
Why didn't people want Mexico?
Too expensive and hard to handle and slavery
105
Result of the Mexican War?
1. ) Ugly relations with Latin America
2. ) Heightened slavery issue
3. ) *MEXICAN WAR LED TO THE CIVIL WAR*
106
Wilmot Proviso?
No slavery in the territories acquired by the MA War.
107
Who was the candidate for the Dem party in 1848?
General Lewis Cass
108
What did Cass have to say about the slavery issue?
Popular Sovereignty: The people should determine it.
109
What was Cass known as?
The father of popular sovereignty.
110
What did most politicians do during the Election of 1848?
Ignore it.
111
Who was the candidate for the Whigs' party 1848?
General Zachary Taylor
112
Who did the Free Soil Party attract?
1. ) Industrialists upset with Polk's decision to reduce protective tariffs
2. ) Democrats who wanted all of Texas AND Oregon
3. ) Northerners who did not want to share western land with the blacks
113
Free Soil Party's beliefs?
1. ) No slavery
| 2. ) "Slavery destroys chances of whites to rise up"
114
Candidate of the Free Soil Party?
Van Buren
115
Who won the election of 1848?
Taylor, Whigs
116
What happened in 1848 that "blew the cover off"?
California Gold Rush
117
What did the overflow of miners in California result in?
More crimes like robbery, claim jumping, and murder.
118
What did the outburst of crimes in Cali lead to?
Californians drafted a constitution that excluded slavery and boldly applied to Congress for admission.
119
What would the admission of Cali as a free state do to the south?
Destroy the equilibrium in the Senate and HofR.
120
What was Texas's problem?
Texas wanted the area east of the Rio Grande and North to the 40, 2 parallel - half of NM.
121
Why were the Southerners upset?
1. ) Talks of abolition
| 2. ) Loss of runaway slaves due to the Underground Railroad
122
Who was famous for the Underground Railroad?
Harriet Tubman
123
What was Harriet Tubman called?
Moses
124
What did the Southerners do to stop the runaway slaves?
Demand a new and more stringent fugitive-slave law.
125
What did the Southerners threatened to do?
Meet in Nashville to withdraw from the Union
126
What did the threat lead to?
People met in Washington to discuss the matter.
127
What did Clay propose?
North and South make concessions and North strengthens the fugitive-slave law.
128
What did Calhoun say about Clay's proposal?
Reject it because it didn't provide adequate safeguards for southern rights.
129
What did Calhoun want?
Leave slavery alone, return runaway slaves, give the south its rights as a minority and restore the political balance. *HAVE TWO PRESIDENTS*
130
What did Webster propose?
Reasonable concessions to the South. New fugitive-slave law with teeth. Compromise, concession, and sweet reasonableness.
131
Old Guard?
Webster, Calhoun, Clay
132
Seward
A strong antislaveryite, was against concession.
133
What did President Taylor have to say about compromise?
No compromise. He would kill dissenters.
134
Who took over the office after Taylor's death?
Fillmore
135
Did Fillmore support the compromise?
Yes
136
Was the South happy with the concessions?
Nope
137
What did the South do to fight the concessions?
Boycott northern goods, but soon turned back to it
138
The assemblage of southern extremists met to do what?
condemn compromise.
139
Did the meeting of s. extremists work?
Nope.
140
Second Era of Good Feelings
No secession or anything.
141
Who got the better deal in the Com. of 1850? Why?
North
1. ) Cali = free
2. ) NM and Utah also WANTED to be free (pop. sov)
3. ) Texas free
142
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
The Bloodhound Bill
| The fleeing slaves couldn't testify in their own behalf and were denied jury.
143
Personal Liberty Laws
Denied local jails to federal officials and hampered enforcements
144
Result of Fugitive Slave Law of 1850?
Antagonism against South. North got more time and got stronger.
145
Candidate of Dems in Election of 1852
Pierce, he won
146
Pierce believed:
1. ) Slavery = yes
| 2. ) Territorial expansion = yes
147
Whigs' candidate of 1852:
Scott, he lost
148
Why did the Whigs lose?
Party was split
149
Significance of the election of 1852
End of the Whigs party. Rise of sectional political alignments and end of national parties.
150
Treaty of 1848?
American right of transit across the isthmus in return for Washington's pledge to maintain the perfect neutrality of the route.
151
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850
Neither US nor Britain would seek control of any future isthmian waterway
152
He tried to gain control of Nicaragua, became president of it, eventually overthrown.
William Walker
153
Southerners wanted which country?
Cuba
154
Administration must offer $120 million for Cuba. If Spain refused, US would be justified in "wresting" it from Spain.
Ostend Manifesto
155
What happened after the news of Ostend Manifesto was out?
The scheme was dropped.
156
The US wanted which Asian country?
China
157
Who was sent to China?
Cushing
158
First formal diplomatic agreement b/w US and China. Vital rights in China
Treaty of Wanghia
159
What else did opening of China do?
open way for missionaries
160
Which other country did US want?
Japan
161
Who was sent to Japan?
Perry
162
Treaty of Kanagawa
Proper treatment of sailors, American coaling rights in Japan, and establishment of consular relations.
163
What was needed to travel from one part of country to the other?
Transcontinental railroad
164
Gadsden Purchase
Ceded to the US the G. Purchase area for $10 million.
165
Why was Kansas needed?
To make the transcontinental railroad.
166
What happened to the territory of Kansas?
Divided into Kansas and Nebraska. Slave status depended on pop. sov. l
167
How did people react to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise?
Northerners were furious.
168
Results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Dems were shattered (not the party). Republican party formed.
169
Which book did Stowe write?
Uncle Tom's Cabin
170
Which book did Helper write?
The Impending Crisis of the South
171
Why did Helper write his book?
To say that nonslaveholding whites suffered the most.
172
What were the northerners doing in the new territories (Kansas-Nebraska)?
They were taking ordinary antislavery northerners to Kansas and Nebraska.
173
What did the South think was going to happen to Kansas and Nebraska?
```
Kansas = Slave
Nebraska = Free state
```
174
Why wouldn't slaveowners take slaves to Kansas?
Slaves were valuable property and it was foolish to take them to a place where bullets were flying.
175
What happened when members of the territorial legislature were to be elected?
Proslavery southerners went early and they set up their own govt at Shawnee Mission.
Free-soilers established their regime in Topeka.
176
Who was John Brown?
Dedicated abolitionist
177
What did John Brown do in Pottawatomie Creek?
Butchered five proslaveryites. It led to a civil war in Kansas.
178
Who was mostly in Kansas? Free-soilers or proslaveryites?
Free-soilers.
179
What did the Lecompton Constitution say?
People were not allowed to vote for or against the constitution as a whole, but it either with or without slavery.
180
Who succeeded Pierce? Was he influenced by the North or South?
Buchanan. South.
181
What did Buchanan do by antagonizing the Dems in the North?
Divided the Dem party and the break of the dem party led to the break of the Union.
182
Sumner vs. Brooks?
Sumner spoke bad about the South so Brooks beat Sumner with a cane.
183
Candidates of Election of 1856?
Dem: Buchanan
Rep: Fremont
184
Who won the election of 1856?
Buchanan
185
What was "injected" into the election?
Antiforeignism
186
What was the Dred Scott case about?
A black slave in Illinois wanted to get freedom because he was in Illinois. Result? No freedom because slaves are property and owners can take them anywhere. Led to a HUGE chaos.
187
Panic of 1857 causes?
1. ) Cold inflated currency
2. ) Crimean War overstimulated growth of grain
3. ) Railroads
188
Panic of 1857 financial distresses?
1. ) People wanted free farms of 160 acres from public domain. Southerners and eastern industrialists were opposed to it.
2. ) Higher tariff rates.
3. ) protection for the unprotected
189
Lincoln vs. Douglass
debate for senate seat
190
Freeport Doctrine
Douglass: No matter how the Supreme Court would rule, if the people want to vote slavery down, slavery will be voted down.
191
What did John Brown attempt to do?
He tried to secretly go to the South and rile up the slaves against theirs owners, but they failed. He was eventually charged and executed for murder and abolitionists were shocked and outraged by his execution.
192
Why was the Election of 1860 so important?
It decided the fate of the Union: peace or civil war
193
Democratic National Convention
Dems met to discuss their grievances against Douglass. Platform later came for popular sovereignty and support for Fugitive Slave Law.
194
Constitutional Union Party
"middle of the road"
| John Bell of TN
195
Candidate for the Republican party, election of 1860:
Abraham Lincoln
196
Appeals of the Rep party, election of 1860:
1. ) free-soilers: nonextention of slavery
2. ) manufacturers: protective tariff
3. ) immigrants: no abridgement rights
4. ) northwest: pacific railroad
5. ) West: internal improvements
6. ) farmers: free homesteads from the public domain
197
Homestead Act (not passed)
public lands available at a nominal sum of 25 cents an acre
198
Which southern state first seceded from the union?
South Carolina
199
How many states seceded?
eleven
200
What did the Crittenden amendments propose?
Slavery allowed in the territories below 36,30.
201
President of the Confederacy?
Davis
202
Presidents starting 1841:
Tyler Polked The Fuck and Pierced the Bitch with Love
Tyler, Polk, Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Lincoln
203
What did Lincoln have to say about the secession?
"It geographically isn't even possible."
204
What problems did the the secession create?
What debt would South take?
What section will the south take?
What happens to the fugitive stuff?
205
How would Europe feel if the US broke?
Delighted!
206
What would happen if Lincoln sent reinforcements?
SC would fight back for they would not tolerate a federal fort blocking the mouth of their most important Atlantic seaport.
207
What happened at Fort Sumter? Result?
Carolina opened fire at the Northerners and "the garrison surrendered".
Result: North pissed off and the blockade of the Southern seaports. More states withdrew.
208
Crucial Border States?
Missouri (MO), KY, Maryland (MD), West Virginia (WV), and Delaware
209
Why were the Border states imp?
If they seceded, South would win. They could double the manufacturing capacity of the south and increase by nearly half its supply of horses and mules.
210
Most imp state out of the border ones?
Surprise surprise! KY!
211
What did Lincoln do with MD?
Sent in troops for it threatened to cut off Washington from the North.
212
What did Lincoln do with MO and WV?
Fights!
213
What did Lincoln say the war was about?
To save the Union!
214
Strengths of the South?
- Fight behind defensive lines
- Amazing leaders
- Bred to fight
215
Weaknesses of the South?
- Scarcity of factories
- Supply problems
- Breakdown of the transportation system
- Economy
216
Strengths of the North?
- South's lack of economy
- sprawling factories
- Amazing navies
- Manpower = big population
- Discipline
217
Weaknesses of the North?
- Less prepared for war
| - Horrible commanders
218
What was the South relying on?
Help from Europe, which they didn't receive.
219
What was the first major crisis with Britain about?
"Trent Affair" - US ship stopped the British Ship, "Trent" and removed two confederates bound for Europe. Not wanting another war, Lincoln eventually released them.
220
What was the "Alabama" Crisis about?
British made weapons/ships and US found out which created probs b/c they were to be used against the North.
221
What was the Laird rams problem about?
They made ships against the North and were warned against releasing the rams.
222
What was the problem with the Confederacy's constitution?
It couldn't logically deny future secession to its constituent states.
223
What was the problem with Davis?
```
Davis = central government
States = states government
```
224
What were the pros of the Northern government?
1. ) Long established government
2. ) Financially stable
3. ) Fully recognized at home and abroad
225
What actions did Lincoln take in the absence of Congress?
1. ) Proclaimed blockade
2. ) Increased size of the federal army
3. ) Directed the Treasury secretary to advance $2 million
4. ) Suspended privilege of habeas corpus
226
Most soldiers in the North were:
Volunteers
227
What happened when the number of volunteers slackened?
Confess passed a federal conscription law for the first time on a nationwide scale in the US which called for draftees.
228
What was unfair about the draftees law?
Rich men could buy their way out and send substitutes.
229
How did the Northern government deal with the economic stresses of the war?
1. ) Excise taxes of tobacco and alcohol were increased substantially.
2. ) Custom receipts
3. ) The Washington Treasury issued greenbacked paper money.
4. ) National Banking System was authorized by Congress to establish a standard bank-note currency.
230
What was the Morrill Tariff Act?
It increased the existing duties some 5-10%.
231
A protective tariff was identified with which political party?
The Republican party.
232
What is true about the greenbacked paper money?
The money was inadequately supported by gold and its value was dependent on the nation's credit.
233
Why did the Southern economy struggle so badly?
Customs duties were choked off as the coils of the Union blockade tightened. The South attempted to increase taxes sharply, but states' righters vehemently opposed so they struggled more.
234
What did the North's economic boom consist of?
1. ) New factories
2. ) Millionaire class
3. ) Newly invented laborsaving machinery which enabled the North to expand economically.
4. ) Sewing machines
5. ) Petroleum gushers
235
Homestead Act of 1862
Free gold nuggets and free land
236
What role did the women play in the Civil War?
They not only fought as men on the battlefields, but they also worked in factories and helped heal the soldiers injured during the war.
237
Comp of 1850
1. ) banned slave trade
2. ) Cali = free
3. ) Texas land -> NM
4. ) Fugitive Slave Act
5. ) Pop Sovereignty
238
Significance of the "Bull Run"?
The South won here and relaxed because they thought they won the war while the North started preparing itself.
239
What was Lincoln's plan for the "Bull Run"?
Attack the small Confederate force, win. If they win, it would show North's superiority.
240
McClellan?
Commander of the Army of the Potomac. "Slow". Thought the Confederate Army was larger than his. Total war!
241
Peninsula Campaign
McClellan approached Richmond and was defeated by the S. army.
242
Northern military plan:
1. suffocate the south by blockades
2. liberate slaves
3. cut confederacy in half
4. Send troops through GA and NC & SC
5. capture Richmond
6. engage the enemy's main strength and make it submit
243
What was the deal about the blockade?
1. it gradually increased
2. it initially had profits for the southerners
3. Northern navy enforced the blockade with high-handed practices i.e. "ultimate destination" doctrine
244
What was the ultimate destination?
voyagers on the ships were destined to go to the confederacy
245
Which ship did the Confederacy use to fight the "Monitor"?
Merrimack/Virginia
246
Why was Antietam was a pivotal point?
McClellan's victory at Antietam, MD allowed Lincoln to pass the Emancipation Proclamation.
247
Who were not affected by the Emancipation Proclamation?
Border States and the specific conquered area in the South. About 800,000 people.
248
The ironic nature of the E. Proclamation?
Border States - could free the slaves, but didn't.
| Confederacy - could not free the slaves, but did.
249
What did the blacks do once they learn about the Emancipation Proclamation?
They went to Northern camps and told the soldiers to help them. It boosted North's morale.
250
Significance of the E. Proclamation?
1. ) Ultimate doom of slavery
2. ) 13th Amendment
3. ) Removed any chances of negotiation
251
Who made up 10 percent of the Northern army?
Blacks
252
How did they fight bondage?
1. Blacks were enlisted in the N army
2. Slaves resisted by slowing down, having strikes and helped Northern prisoners of war.
3. They ran away from the plantations
253
Who replaced McClellan in the Battle of Gettysburg
Burnside, who was also a failure.
254
What changed the fate of the Battle of Gettysburg?
Jackson was killed and Meade won against Pickett. This broke the Confederate cause.
255
Who was the ablest officer of the Northern army?
Ulysses S. Grant from the West.
256
What were some noteworthy accomplishments of Grant?
1. He captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in Tennessee; "unconditional surrender"
2. Battle at Shiloh
257
Why was the "unconditional surrender" matter so important?
It sent KY to the Union and opened the gateway to Tennessee (the important region) and to Georgia.
258
Battle of Vicksburg
Grant captured Vicksburg which broke the Confederacy because it was the South's backbone.
259
Significance of the Battle of Vicksburg?
Reopened the Mississippi and foreign intervention was no longer possible.
260
What did Sherman do?
He DESTROYED GA and SC.
261
Radical Republicans:
Pressed Lincoln on emancipation - Chase
262
Most dangerous to the Union?
| "Taint" of association with the seceders.
Northern Democrats
263
Why did the Democrats divide?
No leader.
264
War Dems:
Supported Lincoln
265
Copperhead Dems:
Obstructed the War
266
Vallandigham
Copperhead
demanded an end to the war
Was banished to the South
267
The Man Without A Country
Philip Nolan
| Stimulated devotion to the Union
268
Who did the Republican Party merge with?
War Dems
269
What was the Rep-War Dem party known as?
Union Party
270
Who was Lincoln's "running mate"?
Johnson
271
Who was the nominee for the Dem party?
McClellan
272
Who won? Why?
Lincoln, because of Sherman.
