Unit 7 (1900 - 2000) Flashcards
World War 1
Began with the murder of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and Serbian nationalism. Social uprising and tensions against Austria-Hungary led to world conflict
Central Powers (WW1)
Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary
Allied Powers (WW1)
Britain, France, Russia
Nationalism
Increased pride and support for one’s country, heightened by rivalries within wars
Increased Social Tension leading to War
Increased strikes, trade unions and socialist support
Western Front
Germany invades Belgium and Luxembourg in WW1, however German advance halted on Marne River… saving Paris
Trench Warfare
Used by both German and British troops in WW1
WW1 Technology
Machine guns, barbed wire, poison gas and artillery
Impacts of WW1 in Europe
High deaths, no winner on either side
Russia in WW1
Nicholas 2 led a weak Russia and sparked peasant revolts which destroyed the Tsarist regime
Impacts of WW1 on Italy
Social and Political Turmoil led to rise of Mussolini and dictatorship
Social Impacts on European Home Fronts
Soldiers grow resentful to civilians at home and political leaders
Political Impacts on European Home Fronts
In Germany, executive branches took over parliament, increased propaganda and censored media
Gender Roles in Europe (WW1)
More women in the workforce, and they gained the right to vote
Revolution in Europe (WW1)
pushed by leftist leaders and angry laborers
Russian Communist Revolution (1917)
Made commitment to workers not consumers
- Replacement of department stores with GUM
GUM
State universal store in Russia
- Advertised “everything for everybody”
- Had bad service and poor supply
- Replaced department stores in Russia
Post WW1 Challenges
- High death count
- Low morale
- Property Damage
Post WW1 Art (Roaring 20s)
Modern architecture, musicians challenged norms, Cubist Movement (Ex: Picasso)
Post WW1 Science (Roaring 20s)
Albert Einstein theories of relativity (physics)
Post WW1 Gender Roles (Roaring 20s)
Women gained participation in popular culture partly due to consumerism
- Gained suffrage
Post WW1 Economics (Roaring 20s)
Agriculture and coal mining did not recover well
- US economy boomed
Henry Ford
assembly lines allowed higher effectiveness in the automobile market
US Isolation
Post WW1:
- Senate rejects Versailles Treaty
- US remains isolated
Red Scare
US fear of communism
- increased resistance to outside forces
Japan Between Wars
- High agricultural efficiency
- political tension between military and government
- voting rights were expanded to all men
Fascism
Authoritarian leaders push for devotion to nationalistic values
Benito Mussolini
Started “union for stuggle” in Italy
- argued to replace capitalism and socialism
- violently attacked rival political groups
Dissatisfaction with Italy (between wars)
- Labor unrest
- government was indecisive
- little territory gain after WW1
Causes of WW2 (Japan)
Gradual militarization despite politics
- conflict with China over ruling Manchuria
Changes in Germany that led to Rise of Hitler
- Great Depression
- Political Unrest
Winston Churchill
Warned of Hitler’s ambitions
Japan vs. China Conflict
Control for Asia and territory like Manchuria
Axis Powers (WW2)
Germany, Japan, Russia
Allies (WW2)
United States, UK, France
Vichy
Center of Nazi puppet regime
Blitzkrieg
German strategy of rapid penetration into enemy territory
Technology used by Germany (WW2)
tanks, troops, aircrafts, bombers
Battle of Britain
Victory for the allies, led by Churchill
Causes of Globalization
New technology and policy decisions
Outliers of Globalization
US: economic participant, limited political involvement
Japan + Germany: wanted their own economic systems
Russia + China: pulled away culturally and economically
3 Post War Factors
- Institutions (avoided conflicts and depression)
- Technology (increased transportation and communication)
- Relations (new participants in globalization)
United Nations
Formed in 1945 to create peace and diplomatic relations between nations, worked to aid human rights and intervene in conflict
International Monetary Fund
Intended to stabilize international currencies and provide loans
World Bank
Provided funds to encourage international economic development
Globalization Impacts
- Spread of fast food
- Spread of International Cuisine
- Spread of American Movies and TV
- Sports Viewership
- Fashion and Dress
Europe Post WW2
- Lots of refugees
- increased chaos and social uprisings within colonies (Ex: France and Algeria)
The Cold War
War between US and Russia using advanced technology and conflict over political systems in colonies
Iron Curtain
Decision between free and communist societies in Europe
Marshall Plan
Economic loans from the US to Western nations to rebuild after the war
NATO
Under US leadership
- Most of Western European nations and Canada
Warsaw Pact
Soviet policies
- Eastern European nations
Impact of the Cold War
- More funding for militaries
- Pushed for the rearmament of Germany
- Scientific + military advancement
Resurgence of Western Europe
- Spread of liberal democracy
- The Welfare state (Gov financially supports citizens)
- Challenges to political stability
Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI)
Ruled Mexico before a national election ended their reign
Guatemala post WW2
Invaded by US due to fears of communist takeover
Cuba Post WW2
Fidel Castro opposed democratic constitution and then depended on Soviets to form his communist society
Five Year Plan
Implemented by Stalin during his ride and overall increased farm output
- Gave bonuses to those who produced more coal and steel which incentivised increased agricultural production in Russia
Fire Bombing
New method of bombing introduced in WW2, bomb exploded then fired
Island Hopping
Technique used by the US in order to gain closer territory to Japan
Fascism
centralized authoritarian government that used tactics like propaganda, youth groups and strict discipline
Pan Asianism
Japanese belief that they needed to conquer all of Asia in order to save the from western influences
Rise of Hitler
Lack of centralized leadership and Germany and social unrest post WW1
Communist Revolution (Russia)
Ineffective ruling had people upset, radicalized working class, marxist ideology
Mao Zedong
Established communist society in China after the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty
Influenza Virus
Brought home by soldiers in WW1, led to a large number of deaths
Spanish Flu
Wiped out large populations
