Unit 5 (1750 - 1900) Flashcards
Enlightenment
Intellectual Movement that stemmed from literature and philosophers
Rationalism
Developed during Scientific revolution, reason over emotion
Empiricism
Developed during scientific revolution; true knowledge is gained through observation
Deism
New belief system that god creates things but does not meddle past that point
Atheism
rejection of all religion
Individualism
Individual living and benefits rather than larger groups
Natural rights
Rights granted at birth and protected for eternity
Social Contract
Give and take with government policies, give some to receive protection
Impacts of Enlightenment
- Major Revolutions
- Suffrage
- Abolition of slavery
- End of Serfdom
- Calls for women’s suffrage
Causes of Revolution
- Nationalism
- Political dissent
- New ideologies
New Ideologies
- Popular Sovereignty
- Democracy
- Liberalism
American Revolution
1780, against Britain, included declaration of independence
French Revolution
Inspired after American revolution, called for natural rights and popular sovereignty
Haitian Revolution
Inspired by French, led by Toussant L’Overture
Latin American Revolution
Upset Creoles (about being below Peninsulares)
- Led by Simon Bolivar –> Letter from Jamaica
Industrial Revolution
Change in mass production of goods
- Started in England
Why did England start the Industrial Revolution?
- Location (Water access, coal access and more)
Crop Rotation
Allowed for more crops to be produced through all seasons
Seed Drill
Allowed for perfect and mass placement of seeds
Spinning Jenny
Allowed more threads to be spun together at a time
Water Frame
Wheel that could be used to spin water and create energy more efficiently
Steam Boat
Factory System
Mass good production with lots of underpaid workers
Enclosure Movement
Movement to make free land for grazing and roaming enclosed and fenced off
Laissez Faire Economics
Government should keep their hands off of the trade market
Tanzimat Reforms
Western influence in Ottoman Empire led to:
- State Postal System
- Organized University Education
- Math and Science Training was introduced
The Taiping
Civil war between China and the Qing dynasty
Taiping Agenda
- women and men were equal
- footbinding was bad
- legal reform
- Used Christian Solar Calender
Ottoman Failure (reasons)
- Weak government
- Merchants relied on Western trade
- Could not colonize due to size and complexity of the army
Declaration of Independence
Happened in 1777 and was the start of American independence from Great Britain
French Estates General
- Clergy
- Nobility
- Bourgeoisie and People
Karl Marx
Known for writings that favored communism and socialism, his critiques of capitalism are still very relevant today
Young Turks
Splintered group of politicians in the United States Republican party
Capitalism
Free trade system that allowed private businesses to flourish
Toussaint L’overture
Led the Haitian Revolution and turned the county in a government that was run by former black slaves
Simon Bolivar
Major leader in the Latin American revolution, he helped gain independence from the Spanish
Jamaica Letter
Letter written by Bolivar to take a stance against Spanish rule
Meiji Resolution
Industrialization in Japan
- state sponsored
