Unit 1 (1250 - 1450) Flashcards
How did the Song Dynasty maintain power?
- Confucianism
- Imperial Bureaucracy
- Economy
Neo-Confucianism
New Confucianism adapted from Tang Dynasty
- Rid Confucianism of Buddhism
- Hierarchy
- Filial Piety
Filial Piety (Confucianism)
Child were to respect their elders
Women in Song Dynasty
- No legal rights
- Social restrictions and education
- Footbinding
Foot binding (Song Dynasty)
Status symbol that broke women’s feet and didn’t allow them to participate in society since they couldn’t walk
Song Dynasty directly influenced…
Korea, Japan, Vietnam
Buddhism in Song Dynasty
4 Noble Truths
- Led to new branches
Theravada Buddhism
In Sri Lanka
- Only monks could practice
- Commoners were too busy to fully commit to the practice
Mahayana Buddhism
In East Asia
- Broadened who could practice
- Bodhisattvas helped other achieve enlightenment
Bodhisattvas
In Mahayana Buddism, people who had already reached enlightenment
Commercialized Economy (Song Dynasty)
More goods for export than consumption (Silk and Porcelain)
Champa Rice (Song Dynasty)
Increase rice production and fed more people… increasing population
Transportation Innovation (Song Dynasty)
Expansion of the Grand Canal
- led to more water based trade
Major Monotheistic religions
Islam, Judaism, Christianity
Abbasid Caliphate
Ethnically Arab empire that fell and led to the rise of Turkic ruled Islamic empires
Seljuk Empire
- Aided Abbasid military and then took over power
Continuity in Turkic Empires
- Military administered states
- Enforced Sharia Law
Sharia Law
Legal code of the Quran
Cultural and Technology Innovation
- Trig and Maths advancements
- Greek philosophy was translated into Arab
- House of Wisdom
House of Wisdom
Hotspot for scholars in Baghdad which contributed to the Golden Age of Islam
Expansion of Muslim Rule
- Military Expansion
- Muslim Merchants
- Muslim Missionaries
South and Southeast Asian Belief Systems
- Buddhism (reduced)
- Hinduism
- Islam
Dehli Sultanate
Powerful empire in India that forced Islam on many
- made Islam the religion of the elite
Change in Hinduism
Bhakti Movement
Bhakti Movement
Innovation on traditional hinduism
- movement from many gods to one
- challenged gender and social roles
Resistance to Delhi Sultanate
- Rajput Kingdom
- Vijayanagara Empire
Rajput Kingdom
Hindu empires from before the Delhi Sultanate were able to keep Islam at bay
Vijayanagara Empire
Established via a failed Islamic empire by muslims who reverted to Hinduism to counter the sultanate
Majapahit Kingdom
- Sea based
- Buddhist
- controlled sea trade (power)
Khmer Empire
- Hindu converted to Buddhism
- land based
- Angkor Wat
Angkor Wat
Build as a Hindu temple but Buddhist aspects were added over time
- Religious synthesis and continuity
Mesoamerica
Aztec Civilization
Aztec Administration
- System of tribute states
- Enslaved people play role in relation (human sacrifice)
- Decentralized
Tribute States (Aztecs)
Required labor for all conquered people
Andean Civilizations
Incas
Inca Civilization
- Elaborate Bureaucracy
- rigid hierarchy
- Very centralized
- Mita System
Mita System
Required all people under their rule to provide labor on state projects
Mississippian Culture
Large towns dominated smaller settlements politically
Swahili Civilization
- Politically independent
- Merchants > Commoners
- Influenced by muslim traders
- rapidly became Islamic
Swahili Language
Mix of African Bantu and Arabic from Islamic influence in Swahili Civilization
Great Zimbabwe
- lots of large architecture
- wealthy from gold exports
- NEVER converted to Islam
Kingdom of Ethiopia
- CHRISTIANITY
- Hierarchy
Christianity in Europe
- Eastern Orthodox
- Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholicism
United independent European states
European state power
Decentralized and fragmented
Feudalism
Alligences between lords, monarchs and knights
- vassals get land from lords for military service
Manorism
Peasants work for a lord on the land in exchange for protection from the lord
Manor
land owned by a lord rented to a peasant for work
Serfs
Peasants who worked on manors, bound to the land not the lord… form of slavery
