Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

acoustic encoding study

A

mistakes of letters rhymed with correct letter (recalling D instead of B)

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2
Q

three theories of forgetting

A

decay, interference, and overwriting

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3
Q

decay hypothesis of forgetting

A

without use, memories will fade away over time until they are gone

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4
Q

retroactive interference hypothesis of forgetting

A

new memories make recall of older memories more difficult

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5
Q

proactive interference hypothesis of forgetting

A

old memories make recall of new memories more difficult

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6
Q

overwriting hypothesis of forgetting

A

new memories replace old memories (“taping over” old memories)

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7
Q

primacy effect

A

first items in a list are more likely to be recalled

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8
Q

recency effect

A

final items in a list are more likely to be recalled, but this fades over time

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9
Q

semantic encoding

A

encoding by meaning

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10
Q

acoustic encoding

A

encoding by sound

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11
Q

semantic encoding study

A

three members of flower category or some other category

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12
Q

serial position effect

A

position of items in a list changes the likelihood of them being recalled later on

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13
Q

sensory memory duration

A

2-3 seconds

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14
Q

iconic memory

A

visual sensory memory

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15
Q

echoic memory

A

auditory sensory memory

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16
Q

haptic memory

A

touch sensory memory

17
Q

sensory store

A

brief storage of iconic memory

18
Q

echoic memory study

A

digit recall experiment. only would remember at most the last 9 digits

19
Q

iconic memory study

A

three rows of letters recall experiment

20
Q

short-term memory duration

A

20-30 seconds

21
Q

Miller’s magic number

A

7±2 chunks

22
Q

three components of any memory system

A

encoding, storage, and retrieval

23
Q

span of apprehension

A

the number of items one can identify at brief exposure

24
Q

working memory

A

how short-term memory is utilized

25
three components of working memory
phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive
26
phonological loop
how acoustic information is rehearsed
27
visuospatial sketchpad
ability to maintain and manipulate visual and spatial images (imagine seeing these words upside down)
28
central executive
allocation of psychological resources to the components of working memory
29
context effects
recall works best in the same context of when the information was encoded (encoding underwater experiment)
30
long-term memory duration
forever