Unit 7 Flashcards
acoustic encoding study
mistakes of letters rhymed with correct letter (recalling D instead of B)
three theories of forgetting
decay, interference, and overwriting
decay hypothesis of forgetting
without use, memories will fade away over time until they are gone
retroactive interference hypothesis of forgetting
new memories make recall of older memories more difficult
proactive interference hypothesis of forgetting
old memories make recall of new memories more difficult
overwriting hypothesis of forgetting
new memories replace old memories (“taping over” old memories)
primacy effect
first items in a list are more likely to be recalled
recency effect
final items in a list are more likely to be recalled, but this fades over time
semantic encoding
encoding by meaning
acoustic encoding
encoding by sound
semantic encoding study
three members of flower category or some other category
serial position effect
position of items in a list changes the likelihood of them being recalled later on
sensory memory duration
2-3 seconds
iconic memory
visual sensory memory
echoic memory
auditory sensory memory
haptic memory
touch sensory memory
sensory store
brief storage of iconic memory
echoic memory study
digit recall experiment. only would remember at most the last 9 digits
iconic memory study
three rows of letters recall experiment
short-term memory duration
20-30 seconds
Miller’s magic number
7±2 chunks
three components of any memory system
encoding, storage, and retrieval
span of apprehension
the number of items one can identify at brief exposure
working memory
how short-term memory is utilized
three components of working memory
phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive
phonological loop
how acoustic information is rehearsed
visuospatial sketchpad
ability to maintain and manipulate visual and spatial images (imagine seeing these words upside down)
central executive
allocation of psychological resources to the components of working memory
context effects
recall works best in the same context of when the information was encoded (encoding underwater experiment)
long-term memory duration
forever
