Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

acoustic encoding study

A

mistakes of letters rhymed with correct letter (recalling D instead of B)

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2
Q

three theories of forgetting

A

decay, interference, and overwriting

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3
Q

decay hypothesis of forgetting

A

without use, memories will fade away over time until they are gone

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4
Q

retroactive interference hypothesis of forgetting

A

new memories make recall of older memories more difficult

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5
Q

proactive interference hypothesis of forgetting

A

old memories make recall of new memories more difficult

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6
Q

overwriting hypothesis of forgetting

A

new memories replace old memories (“taping over” old memories)

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7
Q

primacy effect

A

first items in a list are more likely to be recalled

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8
Q

recency effect

A

final items in a list are more likely to be recalled, but this fades over time

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9
Q

semantic encoding

A

encoding by meaning

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10
Q

acoustic encoding

A

encoding by sound

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11
Q

semantic encoding study

A

three members of flower category or some other category

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12
Q

serial position effect

A

position of items in a list changes the likelihood of them being recalled later on

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13
Q

sensory memory duration

A

2-3 seconds

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14
Q

iconic memory

A

visual sensory memory

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15
Q

echoic memory

A

auditory sensory memory

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16
Q

haptic memory

A

touch sensory memory

17
Q

sensory store

A

brief storage of iconic memory

18
Q

echoic memory study

A

digit recall experiment. only would remember at most the last 9 digits

19
Q

iconic memory study

A

three rows of letters recall experiment

20
Q

short-term memory duration

A

20-30 seconds

21
Q

Miller’s magic number

A

7±2 chunks

22
Q

three components of any memory system

A

encoding, storage, and retrieval

23
Q

span of apprehension

A

the number of items one can identify at brief exposure

24
Q

working memory

A

how short-term memory is utilized

25
Q

three components of working memory

A

phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive

26
Q

phonological loop

A

how acoustic information is rehearsed

27
Q

visuospatial sketchpad

A

ability to maintain and manipulate visual and spatial images (imagine seeing these words upside down)

28
Q

central executive

A

allocation of psychological resources to the components of working memory

29
Q

context effects

A

recall works best in the same context of when the information was encoded (encoding underwater experiment)

30
Q

long-term memory duration

A

forever