Unit 3-4 Flashcards
Two types of depth cues
Monocular cues and binocular cues
Monocular depth cues
Only need one eye
Binocular depth cues
How two eyes perceive depth
Interposition
Monocular. Object is in front of another object.
Linear perspective
Monocular. As straight lines converge, we perceive them as becoming more distant
Relative size
Monocular. At different distances, objects of the same size look like they have different sizes.
Size constancy
Monocular. Objects that move away from observer appear to become smaller (closer, larger) yet we know their actual size stays the same.
Texture gradient
Monocular. Distant objects appear more packed than close objects
Motion parallax
Monocular. Observer in motion sees that distant objects seem to move slower than closer objects
Stereopsis (retinal disparity)
Binocular. Distance between eyes used to geometrically perceive distance.
Convergence
Binocular. As objects are closer to the eyes, the eyes turn more towards each other
Feature detection theory
All objects are composed of distinct parts and we recognize objects by these parts
Geons
36 shapes that can be used to describe all objects. Made by Biederman.
Gestalt psychology
How do we see a whole image from low-level vision and how do we go from low-level vision to high-level vision
Gestalt psychology’s motto
The whole is more than the sum of its parts
Gestalt principles
How people organize objects in vision
Figure-ground principle
Observers separate objects between foreground and background (kissing faces)
Similarity principle
Observers group like objects together
Proximity principle
Observers group objects together that are close together
Common region principle
Objects are grouped together that are enclosed in the same space
Good continuation principle
People prefer to see continuous lines instead of sharp angles
Closure principle
Mind fills in the gaps to see the whole (triangle)
Good Gestalt principle
We prefer to see things as orderly, coherent, complete, and balanced
Global precedence effect
See the global before the local
Marr’s low-level vision
Edges, motion, and depth
Marr’s high-level vision
Objects, faces
Steven’s Power Law
Relationship between perceived stimulus intensity and objective intensity
Structural theory
Features and their interrelations are taken into account in vision
Template matching theory
Objects are recognized by templates from the memory and the closest template is what makes the identification
Weber’s Law
Just noticeable difference of a stimulus’ intensity
