Unit 7 Flashcards
Unit 7 Time Period
1900-Present
Fallen empires in 19th century
Maritime and land-based empires
Unit 7 Content
WWI, between wars, WWII
Decline of Ottoman Empire
“Sick man of Europe” Young Ottomans tried to bring westeren ideas into Otto. Worked for a little but Sultan was scared if Russian and became dictor again. Young Turks took over and was extremelt nationalist excluding outside cultures. These cultures were nationalist in return and broke away from the empire. WWI completely destroyed Ottoman Empire.
Russian Revolution
Poor people didn’t like being poor so they fought. Tsar listened for two secs and then stopped. They began to revolt again. WWI didn’t help. Russia was taken over by Marxist, Lenin and the Bolsheviks who made them communist aka Soviet Union
Decline of Qing Dynasty
Taiping Rebellion caused death, lost both opium wars and lost to Japan. Boxer Rebellion revolted against foreign powers. West powers helped put out the fire then took advantage of them. Sun Yat-Sen led the revolt against Qing to create a new communist state.
Mexican Revolution
Dicator Diaz brought in American companies that ruled most of Mexico. The people revolted and Madero was elected into office and then was killed. Civil War broke out fought by men like Pancho Villa. Mexico emerged as a republic that inacted new reforms.
WWI Cause
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by Gavrilo Princip.
Gavrilo Princip
A member if the Serbian Black Hand. They were devoted in ending Austria-Hungary presence in the Balkans.
Beginning of War
Ultimatum to Serbia.
Serbia rejects.
AH declare war July 28th, 1914
M.A.I.N
Long-Term Causes of teh Great War
Militarism, Alliances, Imerialism, Nationalism
Militarism
Agressive military preparedness
Dominate Military States
European powers had strong armies to prove their strength.
Britain and Germany were among the strongest because of the Industrial Revolution.
Industrial Revolution Effect on Militarism
Ships, weapons, supplies, and hardware could be mass-produced
Alliances
Members agreed to protect and help one another when attacked. Countries that were allied with other countries were also enemies of members of other alliances.
Triple Entente
France - industrial war
Britain - insutrial conflict
Russia
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Associated Powers
Britain, Russia, France, United States, China, Japan, Italy (switched sides in 1915 after remaining neutral)
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans, Bulgaria
Imperialism
Western Europen countries became rivals for global domination.
Nationalism
The cause of war was nationalism, The Black Hand was a nationalist group. The Serbian’s wanted the AH’s out of their country. Arabs were tired of the Ottomans limitations of them. Serbs and Arabs fought for the Allies.
Consequences of WWI
Most deadly war to date.
Led to the downfall of Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, the Ottomans.
Created new state lines.
Rise of communism and fascism, colonial revolts, and genocide.
Power shift from Europe to United States.
Terms of Peace Treaty
Germany had to take full blame and had to make impossible reparations.
Total War
A war which requires the mobulization of a country’s enrire population, both military and civilian, in order to fight.
Propanganda
Campaigns that demonized enemies and often exaggerate the atrocities those enemies were committing
Important Propanganda Aspect
Used intesified nationalism
Importance of nationalism
People viewed the world as a collection of enemy rivals and that national identities were the most important thing about people
Most Important thing about WWI
New military technologies made WWI one of the deadliest wars in human history to date
New Technology
Machine Guns
Chemical Gas
Tanks
Trench Warfare
Because of machine guns spraying soliders each side would dig trenches and hideout in them.
Trench Warfare deadly factors
Each side had machine guns and barbed wire. If one side chargee they would be shot or caught in the wire. This led to years of stakemates where causalties mounted but neither side made progress
Global War
As European powers’ men started dying they called in colonial troops from places like India, Australia, Caniada, and New Zealand and brutally sent them into battle
Why colonial soilders fought
They thought by sacrifice they could win indipendence or more self rule
U.S Involment
Remained neutral until Germany began sinking U.S citizens with U-Boats and tried to get Mexico to begin a war with U.S
End Of War
TReaty of Versailles was signed
Central Powers lost
Britain and France punished Germany which ultimatly led to WWII
Importance of U.S Involment
Americans angry that Germany was bringing them into a war so the tide began to turn against Germany Central powers
Unit 5 Take Away
How governments got involved in trying to solve economic crises
Germany’s Economy
Germany was in debt because of the war and reperations to other states so they began to expereince hyperinflation
Hyperinflation
The value of money decreased while the price of goods increased. Panicked, by how they’re debt Germany printed too much money making money less valuable
Germany’s hyperinflation effect on others
Because they’re economy was so bad Germany could no longer pay Britain and France who inturn could no longer pay the U.S.
Colonial govs suffered because they depended on mother countries
How Germany began to stabilize economy
Borrowed money from U.S to pay Britain and France
Soviet Economics
WWI and Russian Revolution destroyed Russia’s economy so Lenin created New Economic Policy
New Economic Policy
Introduced limited free market principles but the biggest institutions remained under state control
Five Year Plans
Stalin
Aimed to multiply soviet idustrial capacity by five in five years
Collectivation of Agriculture
Five Year Plans
Merging small privately owwned farms into large, sprawling collective farms owned by the state
Effects of COA
Kulaks hated the COA so they were imprisoned and sent to camps or death leaving peasants who couldn’t meet government quotas
Holodomor
Stalin forced farmers in Ukrain to produce grain for urban workers but wouldn’t allow them to leave their homes causing many to starve
The Great Depression
From stablizing European econmies and the stock market crash, Americas economy fell apart creatinga worldwide depression
FDR’s New Deal
Before the economy was Lassiez Faire but FDR created government jobs, retirenment program, and medical insurance to stablize the economy again
Colonies after WWI
Though they believed they would gain independece European and Japanese colonies remained and some states even gained more colonies as a result of the war
New States after WWI
Republic of Turkey - Ottomans
Austria
Hungary
Paris Peace Confernece
Colonially
Victorious powers wanted to dismantel Ottos and Germans and they did this by swapping colonial territory among themselves
Woodrow Wilson’s Opinion
He belived self-determination should the guiding principle of what happened to these colonies
Mandate System
Britain and France’s Compromise
Middle Eastern territroies would become mandates administered by the League of Nations, created into a three-tiered structure to classify these holdings
Class C
Mandate System, lowest tier
Smalles pop and least developed, treated as colonies
Several islands in the Pacific
Class B
Madate System, middle tier
Larger pop but still underdeveloped
Most of Germany’s colonies in Africa
Class A
Mandate System, highest tier
Large pop and suffciently developed were deemed suitable for self rule
Britain’s Class A Colonies
Israel and Iraq
France’s Class A Colonies
Syria and Lebanon
Japan Expands
Japan invades Manchuary creating puppet state Manchukuo and gains access to natural resources
didn’t care about the league of nations
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Indian National Congress
Colonial Resistance
Formed before the war to petition the Brits for more self rule. Tide began to turn with Gandhi’s peaceful protests
Successful after WWII
African National Congress
Colonial Resistance
Founded in South Africa by western-educated lawyers and journalists. Dedicated to obtaining rights for colinal subjects in SA influenced by Pan-Africanism
Successful after WWII
Pan-Africanism
Aimed for the equality and unity of all black people across the world
