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AP World > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

Unit 5 Time Period

A

1750-1900

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2
Q

Unit 5 Content

A

Enlightment Ideas leading to revolutions around the world

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3
Q

Scientifc Revolution

Led to Enlightment

16th and 17th century

A

Scientists began using processes of reasoning to discover how the world worked instead of depending on religion

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4
Q

Enlightenment

A

An intellectual movement that applied new ways of understanding to both the natural world and human relationships

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5
Q

Enlightment Orgin

A

Europe

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6
Q

Rationalism

Enlightenment Idea

A

Reason is the most reliable source of true knowledge

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7
Q

Empiricism

Enlightement Idea

A

True knowledge is gained through the senses, mainly through rigouros experimentation

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8
Q

Difference between scientific revolution and enlightment

A

Scientifc rev. led to scientifc theories. Enlightment led to human socitial theories.

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9
Q

New Belief Systems

Stemmed from Enlightenment

A

Deism and Atheism

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10
Q

Deism

Belief System

A

There is a God but after he created the Earth he no longer interacted with the Earth or his people

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11
Q

Atheism

Belief System

A

Complete rejection of religious belief and any notion of divine beings

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12
Q

New Political Ideas

A

Individualism, Natural Rights, and Social Contract

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13
Q

Individualism

Political Idea

A

The most basic element of society was the indivuidual human and not collective groups

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14
Q

Natural Rights

A

Humans are born with certain rights that cannot be infringed upon by governments or any other entity

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15
Q

Social Contract

A

Human socities, endowed with natural rights, must construct goverments of their own will to protect their natural rights

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16
Q

Enlightment Effects

A

Major Revolutions, Expansion of Suffrage, Abolition of Slavery, End of Serfdom, Calls for Woman’s Equality

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17
Q

Nationalism

Cause of Revolution

A

A sense of commonality among a people ased on a shared language, religion, social customs, and often linked with a desire for territory.

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18
Q

Strategies states used to create a sense of unity

A

Nationalist themes in schools, public rituals, and military service

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19
Q

Political Dissent

Cause of Revolution

A

Widespread discontent with monarchist and imperial rule

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20
Q

New Way of Thinking

Cause of Revolution

A

The development of new ideoligies and systems of government

Examples: Popular Sovereignty, Democracy, Liberalism

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21
Q

American Revolution

A

13 colonies started by Britain. Began to create there own culture, politics, and society. After seven years war britain was poor. Taxed colonies a little too much and they got mad. Enlightement Ideas in Declartion of Independce

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22
Q

American Revolution Signifigance

1776

A

Provided the template for other nations for a successful overthrow of oppressice power and the establishmnt of a republican style governement

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23
Q

French Revolution

1789

A

France helped U.S. Realized their king sucked. With the same ideals as U.S began to fight for freedom of people. Declaration of the rights of man and citizen

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24
Q
A
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25
Q

Haitian Revolution

1791

A

Hati heard about French Revolution so they revolted against their French rulers. First back governement and second republic

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26
Q

Latin American Revolutions

A

Spanish and Portuguese colonies heard about these revolutions. Creoles: enlgishmen born in America began to revolt. Simon Bolivar. Letter from Jamaica.

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27
Q

Nationalism Unites

A

Italy and Germany
Were fragmented but through similarities united to be stronger.

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28
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The process by which states transitioned from primarily agrarian economies to industrial economies

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29
Q

Industrial Revolution Effect

A

Changed the world’s balance of political power, reordered societies, and made industrial nations rich

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30
Q

Where did the Industrial Rev begin

A

Great Britain

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31
Q

Proximity to Waterways

reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation

A

Enabled efficent and rapid transportation of manufactured goods to markets

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32
Q

Geogrpahical distribution of coal and iron

reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation

A

Factories were powered by coal and Britain had it under their soil which increased the production of iron

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33
Q

Iron Importance

A

Constructed bridges, machines, and railroads that helped increase industrialization

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34
Q

Abundant access to foreign resources

reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation

A

Large maritime empire causing them to have access to raw materials

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35
Q

Raw Materials for Britain

A

Timber - America
Cotton - India

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36
Q

Improved Agricultural Productivity

reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation

A

Agricultural Revolution increased the amount of crops produced which allowed for the population to spike and to be fed

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37
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

Crop Rotation
Seed Drill
Potato

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38
Q

Rapid Urbanization

reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation

A

Less people were needed to work on farms so people moved to cities to find work in factories that needed workers

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39
Q

Legal Protection fo Private Property

reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation

A

Entrepreneurs felt safe to risk investment because of laws passed in Europe to protect them

40
Q

Accumlation of Capital

A

People got money from previous slave trade which allowed them to start these manufacturing businesses

41
Q

Factory

A

A place where goods for sale were mass-produced by machines. Concentarted production in a single location thanks to new machines

42
Q

New Industrial Machines

A

Water Frame and Spinning Jenny

43
Q

Steam Engine

A

A machine that converted fossil fuel into mechanical energy

44
Q

Importance of Steam Engine

A

Factories could now be made anywhere increasing the pace of the industrial revolution

45
Q

Steamship

A

A boat driven by steam power

46
Q

Steam Ship Improtance

A

Mass-produced goods could be tansported further and fastor

47
Q

The difference between quick adopters and slow adopters

A

The degree to which places had the industrilization factors

48
Q

Slow Adopters: Eastern and Southern Europe

A

Lacked abudent coal deposits
Land locked
Hindered by historically powerful groups (nobality)

49
Q

Middle East and Asia

A

Previously manufacturing powerhouses began to see their share of production decline

50
Q

Decline of Egypt and India Production

A

E and I took longer to make textikles while GB’s were mass-produced.
Used to have an increase in shipbuilding but GB’s presence forced them to build ships for them

51
Q

France

A

Slowly industrialized because they lacked coal and iron.
Quentin Canal connected Paris with iron and coal fields in the north. Rail roads and textile factories were built.

52
Q

France compared to Britain

A

France industrilaized slower but a slower adoption spared France the intense social upheavals Britain experienced

53
Q

United States

A

Rapidly inustrialized because of a massive territory, political stability, rapid population growth. Higher standard of living in both US and GB.

54
Q

Russia

A

With the Trans-Siberian Rail road and Steam Engines there was increased trade with Eastern States. Brutal work conditions which led to revolution.

55
Q

Russia compared to U.S

A

In U.S industrialization was largely driven from below by workers wanting new opprtunities, Russia’s industrialization was a state-driven affair in Russia’s lagging development.

56
Q

Japan

A

As to not be pushed around by Western Powers and Matthew Perry pressing them, the shogunate was overthrown and the new emeperor of Japan started the Meiji Restortation where they brought in Western technology and eductaion to defensively industrialize.

57
Q

Meiji Restoration

A

Japan sent emissaries to learn western technology, political arrangments, education (culture), borrowed elected parliment from Germany (government), and Japan built railroads, national banking system, and factories (infrastructure)

58
Q

First Industrial Revolution

A

1750-1830
Great Britain

59
Q

Second Industrial Revolution

A

1870-1914
Europe, US, Japan, and Russia

60
Q

Differnce between industrial revolutions

A

The fuel and engines used in each

61
Q

Coal

Inudstrial Power: first i.r

A

Powdered Steam Engine which was the main engine in first i.r

62
Q

Suez Canal

A

Connected Europe and Asia and facilitated a rapid expansion of trade

63
Q

Steam Engine expanded

A

Powdered locomotives on railroads and steam ships that transported goods to market

64
Q

Oil

Industrial Power: second i.r

A

The internal combustion engine was devloped ti harness the energy of gasoline

65
Q

Internal Combustion Engine

A

Smaller and more efficent than steam engine and powered automobiles

66
Q

Significants of fuel

A

Both dramatically incresed the amount of energy avaliable to humans during this period but came with significant environmental costs

67
Q

Steel

Effects of New Tech

A

Bessemer Process; stronger and more versatile than iron. Cheaper to produce. Main ingrident in bridges, railroads, and ships

68
Q

Chemical Engineering

Effects of New Tech

A

Snythetic dyes were developed for textiles; made production cheap
Vulcanization made rubber harder and more durable

69
Q

Electricity

Effects of New Tech

A

Light bulbs lit factories and homes
Electric street cars and subways were devolped for mass transit
Telegraph created long term communication. Europe and U.S connected

70
Q

Development of Interior Regions

Effects of New Technology

A

New settlements were developed in places that were much more difficult to reach with railroads and the telegraph

71
Q

Increase in Trade and Migration

Effects of New Technology

A

Global trade multiplied by a factor of ten between 1850 and 1913. States across the world became more closely interlinked into a global economy. Railroads and Steamships facilitated in migration to urban areas from rural areas

72
Q

Egypt

A

Began industrializing under tanzimat reforms seperate from Ottos because of their strong miltiary governement

73
Q

Industrial Projects

Tanzimat Reforms

A

textile and weapon factories were built

74
Q

Agriculture

Tanzimat Reforms

A

Peasants were forced to plant governement purchased crops to be sold on world market

75
Q

Raised Tariffs

Tanzimat Reforms

A

Taxes on imported goods were raised to protect the developing Egyptain economy

76
Q

Decline of Egypt

A

Britain didn’t like that Egypt was industrializing because they had to cross Egypt to trade so during Egy. and Otto war Britain forced them to remove tariffs. Mass-produced British goods flooded Egypt stunting their industries.

77
Q

Death of Mecantilism

A

Mercantilism began to be abondonded for the free market system that better fit inustrialization

78
Q
A
79
Q

Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

A

Criticized mercantlism as coercive abd only benefiting the elites his alternative was Laissez Faire

79
Q

Lassiez Faire

A

Remove the government from the economy and let people run the economy through supply and demand making wealth more evenly distributed

80
Q

Working Class

A

The workers of the free market who were extremely poor and worked under constant duress

81
Q

Jeremy Bentham

Free Markey Critic

A

Argued the cure for the suffering working class and society was government involvment

82
Q

Friedrich List

A

lRejected the free market as a trick and led to the Zollverein

83
Q

Zollverein

A

A customs union that reduced trade barriers between German states but put tariffs on imported goods

84
Q

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp

Transnational Corp

A

Opened in Britsh controlled Hong Kong to organize and control British imperial ventures

Drug dealer bank

84
Q

Transnational Corporations

A

A company that is astablished and controlled in. one country but also established large operations in other countries

85
Q

Unilever Corp

Transnational Corp

A

A joint company established by the Brits and Dutch that manufactired household goods, Dove

West Africa and Belgium Congo

86
Q

New Financial Practices

A

Stock Markets - small portions of companies
Limited Liability - owners could take risks but they had financial protection

86
Q

Middle Class

A

New class formed from industrialization that bought the mass-produced goods being manufactured

87
Q

Mechanized Farming

A

Led to abudent harvests that increased variety and abundance of food

88
Q

Working Class Reform Reason

A

Excessive hours, low wage, abuse, dangerous conditions

89
Q

Political Reform

Calls for Reform

A

Conservatives and liberals in Europe incorporate social reforms into their platforms because people who wanted reforms were voting

90
Q

Social Reform

Calls for Reform

A

Working class people orgainzed themselves into social societies providing insurance for sickness and social events

91
Q

Educational Reform

Calls for Reform

A

High paying jobs wre becoming more technical, so education prepared children for these kinds of jobs

91
Q
A

AP World (8 decks)

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