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Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Unit 5 Time Period

A

1750-1900

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2
Q

Unit 5 Content

A

Enlightment Ideas leading to revolutions around the world

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3
Q

Scientifc Revolution

Led to Enlightment

16th and 17th century

A

Scientists began using processes of reasoning to discover how the world worked instead of depending on religion

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4
Q

Enlightenment

A

An intellectual movement that applied new ways of understanding to both the natural world and human relationships

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5
Q

Enlightment Orgin

A

Europe

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6
Q

Rationalism

Enlightenment Idea

A

Reason is the most reliable source of true knowledge

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7
Q

Empiricism

Enlightement Idea

A

True knowledge is gained through the senses, mainly through rigouros experimentation

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8
Q

Difference between scientific revolution and enlightment

A

Scientifc rev. led to scientifc theories. Enlightment led to human socitial theories.

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9
Q

New Belief Systems

Stemmed from Enlightenment

A

Deism and Atheism

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10
Q

Deism

Belief System

A

There is a God but after he created the Earth he no longer interacted with the Earth or his people

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11
Q

Atheism

Belief System

A

Complete rejection of religious belief and any notion of divine beings

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12
Q

New Political Ideas

A

Individualism, Natural Rights, and Social Contract

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13
Q

Individualism

Political Idea

A

The most basic element of society was the indivuidual human and not collective groups

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14
Q

Natural Rights

A

Humans are born with certain rights that cannot be infringed upon by governments or any other entity

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15
Q

Social Contract

A

Human socities, endowed with natural rights, must construct goverments of their own will to protect their natural rights

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16
Q

Enlightment Effects

A

Major Revolutions, Expansion of Suffrage, Abolition of Slavery, End of Serfdom, Calls for Woman’s Equality

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17
Q

Nationalism

Cause of Revolution

A

A sense of commonality among a people ased on a shared language, religion, social customs, and often linked with a desire for territory.

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18
Q

Strategies states used to create a sense of unity

A

Nationalist themes in schools, public rituals, and military service

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19
Q

Political Dissent

Cause of Revolution

A

Widespread discontent with monarchist and imperial rule

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20
Q

New Way of Thinking

Cause of Revolution

A

The development of new ideoligies and systems of government

Examples: Popular Sovereignty, Democracy, Liberalism

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21
Q

American Revolution

A

13 colonies started by Britain. Began to create there own culture, politics, and society. After seven years war britain was poor. Taxed colonies a little too much and they got mad. Enlightement Ideas in Declartion of Independce

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22
Q

American Revolution Signifigance

1776

A

Provided the template for other nations for a successful overthrow of oppressice power and the establishmnt of a republican style governement

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23
Q

French Revolution

1789

A

France helped U.S. Realized their king sucked. With the same ideals as U.S began to fight for freedom of people. Declaration of the rights of man and citizen

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24
Q
A
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25
Haitian Revolution | 1791
Hati heard about French Revolution so they revolted against their French rulers. First back governement and second republic
26
Latin American Revolutions
Spanish and Portuguese colonies heard about these revolutions. Creoles: enlgishmen born in America began to revolt. Simon Bolivar. Letter from Jamaica.
27
Nationalism Unites
Italy and Germany Were fragmented but through similarities united to be stronger.
28
Industrial Revolution
The process by which states transitioned from primarily agrarian economies to industrial economies
29
Industrial Revolution Effect
Changed the world's balance of political power, reordered societies, and made industrial nations rich
30
Where did the Industrial Rev begin
Great Britain
31
Proximity to Waterways | reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation
Enabled efficent and rapid transportation of manufactured goods to markets
32
Geogrpahical distribution of coal and iron | reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation
Factories were powered by coal and Britain had it under their soil which increased the production of iron
33
Iron Importance
Constructed bridges, machines, and railroads that helped increase industrialization
34
Abundant access to foreign resources | reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation
Large maritime empire causing them to have access to raw materials
35
Raw Materials for Britain
Timber - America Cotton - India
36
Improved Agricultural Productivity | reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation
Agricultural Revolution increased the amount of crops produced which allowed for the population to spike and to be fed
37
Agricultural Revolution
Crop Rotation Seed Drill Potato
38
Rapid Urbanization | reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation
Less people were needed to work on farms so people moved to cities to find work in factories that needed workers
39
Legal Protection fo Private Property | reasons why great britain was the first industrialized nation
Entrepreneurs felt safe to risk investment because of laws passed in Europe to protect them
40
Accumlation of Capital
People got money from previous slave trade which allowed them to start these manufacturing businesses
41
Factory
A place where goods for sale were mass-produced by machines. Concentarted production in a single location thanks to new machines
42
New Industrial Machines
Water Frame and Spinning Jenny
43
Steam Engine
A machine that converted fossil fuel into mechanical energy
44
Importance of Steam Engine
Factories could now be made anywhere increasing the pace of the industrial revolution
45
Steamship
A boat driven by steam power
46
Steam Ship Improtance
Mass-produced goods could be tansported further and fastor
47
The difference between quick adopters and slow adopters
The degree to which places had the industrilization factors
48
Slow Adopters: Eastern and Southern Europe
Lacked abudent coal deposits Land locked Hindered by historically powerful groups (nobality)
49
Middle East and Asia
Previously manufacturing powerhouses began to see their share of production decline
50
Decline of Egypt and India Production
E and I took longer to make textikles while GB's were mass-produced. Used to have an increase in shipbuilding but GB's presence forced them to build ships for them
51
France
Slowly industrialized because they lacked coal and iron. Quentin Canal connected Paris with iron and coal fields in the north. Rail roads and textile factories were built.
52
France compared to Britain
France industrilaized slower but a slower adoption spared France the intense social upheavals Britain experienced
53
United States
Rapidly inustrialized because of a massive territory, political stability, rapid population growth. Higher standard of living in both US and GB.
54
Russia
With the Trans-Siberian Rail road and Steam Engines there was increased trade with Eastern States. Brutal work conditions which led to revolution.
55
Russia compared to U.S
In U.S industrialization was largely driven from below by workers wanting new opprtunities, Russia's industrialization was a state-driven affair in Russia's lagging development.
56
Japan
As to not be pushed around by Western Powers and Matthew Perry pressing them, the shogunate was overthrown and the new emeperor of Japan started the Meiji Restortation where they brought in Western technology and eductaion to defensively industrialize.
57
Meiji Restoration
Japan sent emissaries to learn western technology, political arrangments, education (culture), borrowed elected parliment from Germany (government), and Japan built railroads, national banking system, and factories (infrastructure)
58
First Industrial Revolution
1750-1830 Great Britain
59
Second Industrial Revolution
1870-1914 Europe, US, Japan, and Russia
60
Differnce between industrial revolutions
The fuel and engines used in each
61
Coal | Inudstrial Power: first i.r
Powdered Steam Engine which was the main engine in first i.r
62
Suez Canal
Connected Europe and Asia and facilitated a rapid expansion of trade
63
Steam Engine expanded
Powdered locomotives on railroads and steam ships that transported goods to market
64
Oil | Industrial Power: second i.r
The internal combustion engine was devloped ti harness the energy of gasoline
65
Internal Combustion Engine
Smaller and more efficent than steam engine and powered automobiles
66
Significants of fuel
Both dramatically incresed the amount of energy avaliable to humans during this period but came with significant environmental costs
67
Steel | Effects of New Tech
Bessemer Process; stronger and more versatile than iron. Cheaper to produce. Main ingrident in bridges, railroads, and ships
68
Chemical Engineering | Effects of New Tech
Snythetic dyes were developed for textiles; made production cheap Vulcanization made rubber harder and more durable
69
Electricity | Effects of New Tech
Light bulbs lit factories and homes Electric street cars and subways were devolped for mass transit Telegraph created long term communication. Europe and U.S connected
70
Development of Interior Regions | Effects of New Technology
New settlements were developed in places that were much more difficult to reach with railroads and the telegraph
71
Increase in Trade and Migration | Effects of New Technology
Global trade multiplied by a factor of ten between 1850 and 1913. States across the world became more closely interlinked into a global economy. Railroads and Steamships facilitated in migration to urban areas from rural areas
72
Egypt
Began industrializing under tanzimat reforms seperate from Ottos because of their strong miltiary governement
73
Industrial Projects | Tanzimat Reforms
textile and weapon factories were built
74
Agriculture | Tanzimat Reforms
Peasants were forced to plant governement purchased crops to be sold on world market
75
Raised Tariffs | Tanzimat Reforms
Taxes on imported goods were raised to protect the developing Egyptain economy
76
Decline of Egypt
Britain didn't like that Egypt was industrializing because they had to cross Egypt to trade so during Egy. and Otto war Britain forced them to remove tariffs. Mass-produced British goods flooded Egypt stunting their industries.
77
Death of Mecantilism
Mercantilism began to be abondonded for the free market system that better fit inustrialization
78
79
Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith
Criticized mercantlism as coercive abd only benefiting the elites his alternative was Laissez Faire
79
Lassiez Faire
Remove the government from the economy and let people run the economy through supply and demand making wealth more evenly distributed
80
Working Class
The workers of the free market who were extremely poor and worked under constant duress
81
Jeremy Bentham | Free Markey Critic
Argued the cure for the suffering working class and society was government involvment
82
Friedrich List
lRejected the free market as a trick and led to the Zollverein
83
Zollverein
A customs union that reduced trade barriers between German states but put tariffs on imported goods
84
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp | Transnational Corp
Opened in Britsh controlled Hong Kong to organize and control British imperial ventures | Drug dealer bank
84
Transnational Corporations
A company that is astablished and controlled in. one country but also established large operations in other countries
85
Unilever Corp | Transnational Corp
A joint company established by the Brits and Dutch that manufactired household goods, Dove | West Africa and Belgium Congo
86
New Financial Practices
Stock Markets - small portions of companies Limited Liability - owners could take risks but they had financial protection
86
Middle Class
New class formed from industrialization that bought the mass-produced goods being manufactured
87
Mechanized Farming
Led to abudent harvests that increased variety and abundance of food
88
Working Class Reform Reason
Excessive hours, low wage, abuse, dangerous conditions
89
Political Reform | Calls for Reform
Conservatives and liberals in Europe incorporate social reforms into their platforms because people who wanted reforms were voting
90
Social Reform | Calls for Reform
Working class people orgainzed themselves into social societies providing insurance for sickness and social events
91
Educational Reform | Calls for Reform
High paying jobs wre becoming more technical, so education prepared children for these kinds of jobs
91

AP World (8 decks)

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