Unit 4

Question 1

Unit 4 time period

Answer 1

(1450-1750) 15th century - 18th century

Question 2

Unit 4 Content

Answer 2

Maritime Empires

Question 3

Maritime Technological Innovations

Answer 3

Magnetic Compass: China
Astrolabe: Ancient Greece and Arab
Lateen Sail: Arab
Caravel: Portuguese
Carrack: Portuguese
Flyut: Dutch

Question 4

Significance of Technological Innovations

Answer 4

Made it possible for Europeans to navigate

Question 5

Significance of centralized power in Europe

Answer 5

Monarchs were in control of a states economic decisions and began wanting to participate in trade

Question 6

Reason European states wanted to find different routes to Asia

Answer 6

Goods from Asia had to go through land based empires that taxed these goods largely

Question 6

Favorable Balance of Trade

Answer 6

When states organize their economies around exports and avoid imports as much as possible

Question 7

Mercantilism

Answer 7

A state-driven economic system that characterized imperial European states during this period

Question 8

Joint-Stock Company

Answer 8

A limited liability business, often chartered by the state, that was funded by a group of private investors

Question 9

State and merchant relationship

Answer 9

States relied on merchants to expand their influence in far off lands while merchants relied on states to grant them monopolies on various religions of trade

Question 10

Dutch East India Company

Answer 10

VOC Chartered by the Dutch state, it was a monopoly on the Indian Ocean Trade. Dutch dominated the Indian Ocean

Question 11

Portugal

Answer 11

First to gain some power in Europe by creating a trading post empire around the coast of Africa and throughout the Indian Ocean

Question 12

Spain

Answer 12

Portugal’s slutty neighbor that sent Columbus the cunt
ran into the Americas
Colonized Philippines

Question 13

France

Answer 13

Established themselves in Canada - made friends with the indigenous through trade

Question 14

England

Answer 14

After stopping Spain from colonizing them Queen Elizabeth sent over colonizers to the Americas
Established some trading posts near the Mughal Empire

Question 15

Dutch

Answer 15

VOC dominated the Indian Ocean
established a settlement in the Americas

Question 16

Columbian Exchange

Answer 16

The transfer of new diseases, food, plants, and animals between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

Question 17

Disease

Answer 17

Europeans introduced smallpox and measles to the Americas
Maleria

Question 18

Food and Plants

Answer 18

Europeans introduced olives, wheat, grapes rice, sugar, and bananas to the Americas
Natives introduced potatoes and maize to Europe

Question 18

Cash Cropping

Answer 18

A method of agriculture that focuses on growing crops, usually a single crop, primarily for export

Question 19

Cash crop example

Answer 19

Sugar cane in the Caribbean was grown by African labor to be sold in Europe and the Middle East

Question 19

Animals

Answer 19

Europeans introduced pigs, sheep, horses, and cattle to the Americas

Question 20

Resistance to Imperialism by Asian States

Answer 20

At first Shogun was open to trade with European states to get gunpowder weapons
But the Christian merchants from Europe began spreading Christianity and the shogun didn’t like that AT ALL
so he kicked them out and killed some of them when they wouldn’t leave Japan alone
He was chill with the Dutch tho.

Question 21

Resistance to Imperialism in European states

Answer 21

In France there was Absolutism which concentrated all political power under the Monarch
France didn’t like so a serious of rebellions, The Fronde.
Nobles were mad cause they lost their powers to the monarchs AND were getting taxed really bad
Ended with the monarchs getting more power??????

Question 22

Resistance to Imperialism from the enslave

Answer 22

In Caribbean and Brazil there were slaves But there were these societies if free slaves, Maroon Societies These Staes tried to destroy these societies and they weren't messing with that so they rebelled

Question 23

Asante Empire

Answer 23

In West Africa this state could provide highly desired goods that Europeans wanted like gold, ivory, people

Question 24

Kingdom of the Kongo

Answer 24

In Southern Africa they were friends with the Portuguese and gave them gold, copper, and people King converted to Christianity to remain trading with Europeans

Question 25

Change and Continuity: Indian Ocean

Answer 25

Change: Europeans began participating in the network Continuity: Everybody that was in it before still is... Overland trade routes are still dominated by Asian powers European entrance increased profits for Europeans and other merchants

Question 26

Change: European Staes

Answer 26

Opening of the Atlantic System: The movement of goods (sugar), wealth (silver), and laborers (coerced) between the eastern and western hemispheres made Europeans rich and powerful

Question 27

Changes: Labor Systems

Answer 27

Mit'a System: started by the Inca for public projects used by the Spanish for private gain

Question 27

Effects of Silver

Answer 27

Was used to purchase lux goods from China Goods silver purchased were traded on the Atlantic System

Question 28

New Labor System

Answer 28

Chattel Slavery - purchaser has total ownership over slave Indentured Servitude - Laborer signed a contract that bound them to work for a certain number of years Encomienda System - Natives forced to work on land in exchange for protection and food Hacienda - Indigenous laborers ere forced to work on fields of large plantations

Question 29

Effects of Chattel Slavery

Answer 29

Europeans purchased male slaves 2:1 impacting the demographic in many African slaves Size of Trans-Atlantic Slave Tread > Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Counterparts Racial Component of Slave System

Question 30

Social Effect of Chattel Slavery

Answer 30

Significant Gender Imbalance Changing Family Structures - polygyny Cultural Synthesis

Question 31

Change: Belief Systems

Answer 31

In the Americas when European tried to convert the Natives some said they ere Christians but secretly practiced their own religion effect was religious syncretism Africans did the same

Question 32

Change: Social Hierarchies

Answer 32

Ethnic and Religious Diversity - Spain kicked out the Jews and they went to the Ottomans Rise of Political Elites - Casta system in the Americas by Spain and Ming to the Qing Dynasty in China The Struggles of Existing Elites - elite indivuails losing power to monarchs like the boyars in Russia