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AP World > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

Unit 4 time period

A

(1450-1750) 15th century - 18th century

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2
Q

Unit 4 Content

A

Maritime Empires

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3
Q

Maritime Technological Innovations

A

Magnetic Compass: China
Astrolabe: Ancient Greece and Arab
Lateen Sail: Arab
Caravel: Portuguese
Carrack: Portuguese
Flyut: Dutch

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4
Q

Significance of Technological Innovations

A

Made it possible for Europeans to navigate

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5
Q

Significance of centralized power in Europe

A

Monarchs were in control of a states economic decisions and began wanting to participate in trade

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6
Q

Reason European states wanted to find different routes to Asia

A

Goods from Asia had to go through land based empires that taxed these goods largely

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6
Q

Favorable Balance of Trade

A

When states organize their economies around exports and avoid imports as much as possible

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7
Q

Mercantilism

A

A state-driven economic system that characterized imperial European states during this period

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8
Q

Joint-Stock Company

A

A limited liability business, often chartered by the state, that was funded by a group of private investors

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9
Q

State and merchant relationship

A

States relied on merchants to expand their influence in far off lands while merchants relied on states to grant them monopolies on various religions of trade

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10
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

VOC Chartered by the Dutch state, it was a monopoly on the Indian Ocean Trade. Dutch dominated the Indian Ocean

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11
Q

Portugal

A

First to gain some power in Europe by creating a trading post empire around the coast of Africa and throughout the Indian Ocean

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12
Q

Spain

A

Portugal’s slutty neighbor that sent Columbus the cunt
ran into the Americas
Colonized Philippines

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13
Q

France

A

Established themselves in Canada - made friends with the indigenous through trade

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14
Q

England

A

After stopping Spain from colonizing them Queen Elizabeth sent over colonizers to the Americas
Established some trading posts near the Mughal Empire

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15
Q

Dutch

A

VOC dominated the Indian Ocean
established a settlement in the Americas

16
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

The transfer of new diseases, food, plants, and animals between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

17
Q

Disease

A

Europeans introduced smallpox and measles to the Americas
Maleria

18
Q

Food and Plants

A

Europeans introduced olives, wheat, grapes rice, sugar, and bananas to the Americas
Natives introduced potatoes and maize to Europe

18
Q

Cash Cropping

A

A method of agriculture that focuses on growing crops, usually a single crop, primarily for export

19
Q

Cash crop example

A

Sugar cane in the Caribbean was grown by African labor to be sold in Europe and the Middle East

19
Q

Animals

A

Europeans introduced pigs, sheep, horses, and cattle to the Americas

20
Q

Resistance to Imperialism by Asian States

A

At first Shogun was open to trade with European states to get gunpowder weapons
But the Christian merchants from Europe began spreading Christianity and the shogun didn’t like that AT ALL
so he kicked them out and killed some of them when they wouldn’t leave Japan alone
He was chill with the Dutch tho.

21
Q

Resistance to Imperialism in European states

A

In France there was Absolutism which concentrated all political power under the Monarch
France didn’t like so a serious of rebellions, The Fronde.
Nobles were mad cause they lost their powers to the monarchs AND were getting taxed really bad
Ended with the monarchs getting more power??????

22
Q

Resistance to Imperialism from the enslave

A

In Caribbean and Brazil there were slaves
But there were these societies if free slaves, Maroon Societies
These Staes tried to destroy these societies and they weren’t messing with that so they rebelled

23
Q

Asante Empire

A

In West Africa this state could provide highly desired goods that Europeans wanted like gold, ivory, people

24
Q

Kingdom of the Kongo

A

In Southern Africa they were friends with the Portuguese and gave them gold, copper, and people
King converted to Christianity to remain trading with Europeans

25
Q

Change and Continuity: Indian Ocean

A

Change: Europeans began participating in the network
Continuity: Everybody that was in it before still is… Overland trade routes are still dominated by Asian powers
European entrance increased profits for Europeans and other merchants

26
Q

Change: European Staes

A

Opening of the Atlantic System: The movement of goods (sugar), wealth (silver), and laborers (coerced) between the eastern and western hemispheres made Europeans rich and powerful

27
Q

Changes: Labor Systems

A

Mit’a System: started by the Inca for public projects used by the Spanish for private gain

27
Q

Effects of Silver

A

Was used to purchase lux goods from China
Goods silver purchased were traded on the Atlantic System

28
Q

New Labor System

A

Chattel Slavery - purchaser has total ownership over slave
Indentured Servitude - Laborer signed a contract that bound them to work for a certain number of years
Encomienda System - Natives forced to work on land in exchange for protection and food
Hacienda - Indigenous laborers ere forced to work on fields of large plantations

29
Q

Effects of Chattel Slavery

A

Europeans purchased male slaves 2:1 impacting the demographic in many African slaves
Size of Trans-Atlantic Slave Tread > Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Counterparts
Racial Component of Slave System

30
Q

Social Effect of Chattel Slavery

A

Significant Gender Imbalance
Changing Family Structures - polygyny
Cultural Synthesis

31
Q

Change: Belief Systems

A

In the Americas when European tried to convert the Natives some said they ere Christians but secretly practiced their own religion effect was religious syncretism
Africans did the same

32
Q

Change: Social Hierarchies

A

Ethnic and Religious Diversity - Spain kicked out the Jews and they went to the Ottomans
Rise of Political Elites - Casta system in the Americas by Spain and Ming to the Qing Dynasty in China
The Struggles of Existing Elites - elite indivuails losing power to monarchs like the boyars in Russia

AP World (8 decks)

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