Unit 4 Flashcards
Unit 4 time period
(1450-1750) 15th century - 18th century
Unit 4 Content
Maritime Empires
Maritime Technological Innovations
Magnetic Compass: China
Astrolabe: Ancient Greece and Arab
Lateen Sail: Arab
Caravel: Portuguese
Carrack: Portuguese
Flyut: Dutch
Significance of Technological Innovations
Made it possible for Europeans to navigate
Significance of centralized power in Europe
Monarchs were in control of a states economic decisions and began wanting to participate in trade
Reason European states wanted to find different routes to Asia
Goods from Asia had to go through land based empires that taxed these goods largely
Favorable Balance of Trade
When states organize their economies around exports and avoid imports as much as possible
Mercantilism
A state-driven economic system that characterized imperial European states during this period
Joint-Stock Company
A limited liability business, often chartered by the state, that was funded by a group of private investors
State and merchant relationship
States relied on merchants to expand their influence in far off lands while merchants relied on states to grant them monopolies on various religions of trade
Dutch East India Company
VOC Chartered by the Dutch state, it was a monopoly on the Indian Ocean Trade. Dutch dominated the Indian Ocean
Portugal
First to gain some power in Europe by creating a trading post empire around the coast of Africa and throughout the Indian Ocean
Spain
Portugal’s slutty neighbor that sent Columbus the cunt
ran into the Americas
Colonized Philippines
France
Established themselves in Canada - made friends with the indigenous through trade
England
After stopping Spain from colonizing them Queen Elizabeth sent over colonizers to the Americas
Established some trading posts near the Mughal Empire
Dutch
VOC dominated the Indian Ocean
established a settlement in the Americas
Columbian Exchange
The transfer of new diseases, food, plants, and animals between the Eastern and Western hemispheres
Disease
Europeans introduced smallpox and measles to the Americas
Maleria
Food and Plants
Europeans introduced olives, wheat, grapes rice, sugar, and bananas to the Americas
Natives introduced potatoes and maize to Europe
Cash Cropping
A method of agriculture that focuses on growing crops, usually a single crop, primarily for export
Cash crop example
Sugar cane in the Caribbean was grown by African labor to be sold in Europe and the Middle East
Animals
Europeans introduced pigs, sheep, horses, and cattle to the Americas
Resistance to Imperialism by Asian States
At first Shogun was open to trade with European states to get gunpowder weapons
But the Christian merchants from Europe began spreading Christianity and the shogun didn’t like that AT ALL
so he kicked them out and killed some of them when they wouldn’t leave Japan alone
He was chill with the Dutch tho.
Resistance to Imperialism in European states
In France there was Absolutism which concentrated all political power under the Monarch
France didn’t like so a serious of rebellions, The Fronde.
Nobles were mad cause they lost their powers to the monarchs AND were getting taxed really bad
Ended with the monarchs getting more power??????
Resistance to Imperialism from the enslave
In Caribbean and Brazil there were slaves
But there were these societies if free slaves, Maroon Societies
These Staes tried to destroy these societies and they weren’t messing with that so they rebelled
Asante Empire
In West Africa this state could provide highly desired goods that Europeans wanted like gold, ivory, people
Kingdom of the Kongo
In Southern Africa they were friends with the Portuguese and gave them gold, copper, and people
King converted to Christianity to remain trading with Europeans
Change and Continuity: Indian Ocean
Change: Europeans began participating in the network
Continuity: Everybody that was in it before still is… Overland trade routes are still dominated by Asian powers
European entrance increased profits for Europeans and other merchants
Change: European Staes
Opening of the Atlantic System: The movement of goods (sugar), wealth (silver), and laborers (coerced) between the eastern and western hemispheres made Europeans rich and powerful
Changes: Labor Systems
Mit’a System: started by the Inca for public projects used by the Spanish for private gain
Effects of Silver
Was used to purchase lux goods from China
Goods silver purchased were traded on the Atlantic System
New Labor System
Chattel Slavery - purchaser has total ownership over slave
Indentured Servitude - Laborer signed a contract that bound them to work for a certain number of years
Encomienda System - Natives forced to work on land in exchange for protection and food
Hacienda - Indigenous laborers ere forced to work on fields of large plantations
Effects of Chattel Slavery
Europeans purchased male slaves 2:1 impacting the demographic in many African slaves
Size of Trans-Atlantic Slave Tread > Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Counterparts
Racial Component of Slave System
Social Effect of Chattel Slavery
Significant Gender Imbalance
Changing Family Structures - polygyny
Cultural Synthesis
Change: Belief Systems
In the Americas when European tried to convert the Natives some said they ere Christians but secretly practiced their own religion effect was religious syncretism
Africans did the same
Change: Social Hierarchies
Ethnic and Religious Diversity - Spain kicked out the Jews and they went to the Ottomans
Rise of Political Elites - Casta system in the Americas by Spain and Ming to the Qing Dynasty in China
The Struggles of Existing Elites - elite indivuails losing power to monarchs like the boyars in Russia
