Unit 7 Flashcards
What are the causes of natural selection
The type of phenotype, if it benefits or doesn’t benefit an organism, competition for limited resources lead to this
How does natural selection affect populations
They choose only the fittest of organisms, and this can mean different levels of fitness in a population.
Describe the relationship of phenotypes and the environment
Environments are not static, meaning not every phenotype will work for every environment, environments will pick the phenotype that is most suited to it.
How do humans affects diversity within a population?
Human breed desirable traits in two organisms leading to variation not usually caused by natural selection.
What is convergent evolution and why is it important
2 organisms have different ancestors but the same structure and function due to the same selective pressures
How do random occurrences affect the genetic makeup of a population
Mutations can lead to new alleles and can drive variation which drives evolution, because there are more individuals that can withstand selective pressures
What is genetic drift
The change of allele frequencies in a large population over time, causing a population to be affected
What is the bottleneck
When a population gets drastically reduced in size
What is the founder effect
When an individual from a large population get separated into a smaller population
What is the p allele
The dominant allele
What is the q allele
It is the recessive allele
What are the 5 conditions of hardy weinberg
No net mutations, no random mating, large population, no migration, no selection
How does the % of carbon dating relate to how old an organism is
The lower the % of carbon 14, the older the organism is
What are vestigial structures
When an organism has a structure that doesn’t serve any purpose but once did in their ancestor
What are homologous structures
When a structure in a common ancestor is a apparent in all the organisms but it’s all serves a different purpose
What are analogous structures
When different species from different ancestor have the same structure due to similar selective pressures
How are fossils helpful
We can compare them to the extant species rn and see how much the structure has changed, which is evolution
How do genomic changes affect evolution
Mutations, Meosis, crossing over all lead to a faster rate of evolution
How do environmental disruptions affect evolution
The sudden change of allele frequencies, can lead to a faster rate of evolution
How does evolution of resistance occur?
An organism can have a mutation that is resistant to the pesticide and will pass on the adaptions
Do prokaryotes carry mitochondria and chloroplasts
Nope
What is differential reproductive success
Individuals with phenotypes that give them an advantage, will most likely survive and reproduce
Tip
Bacteria populations can only develop if there is actual antibiotics that they can be selected for
