Unit 6.6 - Causes of Migration Flashcards
Causes of a “new era” of migration from 1750-1900
Population increases led to a migration of people into more urban areas, jobs (because the migratory knew they could return to their country), to find relief from economic and political difficulties, and some were coerced
To meet the demands for labor, coerced and semi-coerced migrations of people resulted in
slavery, indentured servitude, and convict labor
Coerce
To force someone to do something
What caused many people to migrate for their homes?
The demand for agricultural goods (once worked by slaves) and a desire for a job
Examples (3) of groups of people migrating from their homes
Indians to British colonies (in the Caribbean, South/East Afr., and Fiji), Chinese to California and British Malaya (to build railroads and for rural/domestic jobs) and Japanese to Hawaii, Peru, and Cuba (for sugar plantations)
Last three American countries abolish slavery and when
The U.S. (1865), Cuba (1886), and Brazil (1888)
Cause of the Abolishment of Slavery
Imperial countries turned to other forms of coerced labor
Indentured Servant
Someone who works for a set number of years before becoming free
Why many people chose to be indentured servants
It paid for their transportation to a new place, where they could transfer from a poor to a more opportunity-rich community, and others did so to pay off debts
Life of an Asian contract worker
Often they were forced/tricked into this labor and lived difficult lives, being exploited and treated unjustly
Were Asian workers paid fair wages?
No
What ended Asian contract labor?
The media bringing attention to the system and calling it slavery
Example of coerced labor
British convicts being sent to Australia to work in penal colonies
What were British convicts expected to do in penal colonies?
Harsh labor under free settlers, keeping records for the government, or working on government projects like building roads/railways
Diaspora
Mass emigration from a country/region that occurs over a period of many years.
Common causes of diaspora
Poverty, political conditions, and famine
Difference between Indian and Chinese diaspora
The Indians emigrated because of poverty while the Chinese did mainly because of a population explosion and the poverty/disorder caused by the Taiping Rebellion
Kangani System
Workers recruited from their own family to come work
Maistry System
Labors were recruited within systems that had defined hierarchies and sent to plantations
Reasons (3) that the Chinese voluntarily emigrated from China
California Gold Rush, to find more opportunities, and to escape poverty/disorder
Change in nature of Irish immigrants betwen 1750-1900s
They first emigrated for political (evict of farmers after the Corn Laws) and religious reasons (discrimination) but it then changed to be a result of the Great Famine
Change in Reason for the Irish Emigrating from 1750-1900
It was first because of political (eviction of farmers after the Corn Laws) and religious discrimination reasons but then was a result of the Great Famine
Corn Laws
Regulations on the import and export of grains
Main reason for Italian diaspora
Poverty (amongst political and economic/crime reasons)
Difference in the motives for British settlers to move to New Zealand from those moving to India, Malaya, and Kenya
Those moving to New Zealand had the intention of settling there permanently while those moving to India, Malaya, and Kenya did not
Goal of the Japanese Colonization Society
To export Japan’s surplus population and goods
Areas that Japan attempted to colonize
Mexico (thru agriculture), Peru, San Francisco, Portland, and Seattle
What allowed some migrants to return to their home countries?
Improvements in transportation technology
Andrew Geddes Bain
British geologist that made the first comprehensive geological map of South Afr.
Colonial Service
Managers for plantations and other colonial enterprises (companies)
How engineers are an example of interacting cultures
People of Europe worked with people in colonies in both public works and private projects, blending their ideas and knowledge together to further science and technology.
