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APWH: Unit 6 > Unit 6.4 - Global Economic Developments from 1750-1900 > Flashcards

Unit 6.4 - Global Economic Developments from 1750-1900 Flashcards

1
Q

Drivers (3) of economic imperialism

A

A desire for raw materials, new markets to sell their manufactured goods in, and low-wage labor forces.

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2
Q

Economics was one of the most _____ driving _____.

A

influential motives driving imperialism.

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3
Q

Economic Imperialism

A

a situation where one country has significant economic power over another country but may not control their government

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4
Q

Shortcomings of Roads

A

There were few of them within colonies, were poorly maintained, and couldn’t be used during rainy seasons

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5
Q

Shortcomings of Waterways

A

They were limited to coastal areas and river basins

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6
Q

Benefits (2) of introducing railroads to colonies

A

They could transport raw materials from colonies to Europe for lower costs and opened up colonial markets for manufactured goods

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7
Q

Europeans believed railroads ________ the people of Africa/Asia

A

helped (but in reality mainly served the interests of colonizers)

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8
Q

Where Cecil Rhodes’ Railroad was supposed to stretch from

A

Cape Town (Cape Colony, South Afr.) to Cairo, Egypt

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9
Q

Why did Rhodes want to connect all British colonies in Africa?

A

It would make governance easier and help with mobilizing (preparing and organizing troops) for war

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10
Q

Why was Rhodes’ railroad never completed?

A

Britain did not gain control over all the lands the railroad would be built in

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11
Q

What was railroad technology in Africa the means of doing?

A

Extracting as many resources as possible while paying colonial workers as little as possible

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12
Q

What did steamboats transport?

A

Mail, goods, and people

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13
Q

Change in steamboats in the 1870s

A

Efficient steam engines replaced the large quantities of coal needed to fuel them and compression refrigeration equipment allowed for perishables like meat/dairy to be transported across oceans

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14
Q

Effect of steamboats changing on their use

A

They were practical for long distances

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15
Q

Service that allowed for instantaneous transmission of information

A

Telegraphs

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16
Q

What did telegraph lines often follow?

A

Railroad routes

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17
Q

Technological advancement in 1850

A

Telegraphs were introduced to India

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18
Q

Technological advancement in 1866

A

The first permanent transatlantic cable was placed between the U.S. and England

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19
Q

Technological advancement in 1872

A

Telegraph service laid between England and Australia

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20
Q

Technological advancement in 1874

A

Telegraph service between Portugal and Brazil connects Europe and South America

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21
Q

Subsistence Farming

A

Farming to grow crops to provide only what one needs for them and their family

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22
Q

Cash Crops

A

Crops grown for their commercial value rather than for the use of those how grew them

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23
Q

Cash crops of Africa

A

Tea, coffee, cotton, sugar, rubber, and oil palms

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24
Q

Effect of growing cash crops on the price of food

A

They increased because less farming was done for food that could be eaten

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25
Q

What did the growing European middle class create a demand for?

A

Meat

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26
Q

Guano

A

Bat and Sea Bird Droppings

27
Q

Why was so much guano mined?

A

It was an excellent natural fertilizer

28
Q

Export Economies

A

Colonies that had raw materials that were exported, turned into manufactured goods, and often sold back to them

29
Q

Why Great Britain banned Indian Cotton in 1721

A

Indian cotton created competition against their local wool industry.

30
Q

Where did Great Britain get most of its cotton?

A

American colonies in the south

31
Q

American Civil War impact on the cotton industry

A

North warships blocked Confederate ports, cutting off Britain’s supply of cotton and so farmers all across the world replaced food production with cotton

32
Q

Who benefited from the change in the cotton industry and how?

A

India and Egypt especially because they had a variety of cotton, increased their production, and then were able to support the manufacturing of Britain’s textiles with their cotton

33
Q

Vulcanization

A

A process by Charles Goodyear that got rid of the problem with rubber softening when warm and hardening when cold

34
Q

Origin of rubber

A

Trees in the Amazon rainforest

35
Q

Origin of latex

A

Central African vines

36
Q

Cause for increase in demand for rubber

A

It became an important industrial material

37
Q

What was rubber used for?

A

Tires for bicycles/cars, hoses, gaskets, waterproof clothing, and shoe soles

38
Q

Rubber Baron and how they treated their workers

A

Business owners/executives who use ethically-questionable tactics to acquire wealth. Rubber barons forced indigenous people into slavery and then would mutilate or kill them for failing to meet their quotas.

39
Q

How did Great Britain ensure they had enough rubber sources

A

The British India Office acquired rubber tree seeds, cleared thousands of acres of land, and then planted them in SE Asia, such as in Malaya, Indochina, and the Dutch East Indies

40
Q

Palm oil’s use and what it made

A

For lubricating machines and making candles

41
Q

Examples of how Important Palm Oil was to West Africa

A

It was a food staple and sometimes used as currency in place of money

42
Q

Who farmed palm oil?

A

Enslaved prisoners of tribal war in West Africa

43
Q

Where did ivory come from?

A

The tusks of elephants

44
Q

Use of ivory

A

Since it was durable, it was used for piano keys, billiard balls, knife handles, and ornamental carvings

45
Q

How did Ivory Coast get its name?

A

Under France, it was originally set up for acquiring ivory and buying slaves

46
Q

Mexico produced ______

A

silver

47
Q

Chile produced ______

A

copper

48
Q

North Rhodesia and the Congo produced ______

A

copper

49
Q

Use of Copper

A

Making telegraph cables and electrical power lines (because it’s very conductive and cheaper than gold)

50
Q

Bolivia, Nigeria, Malaya, and Dutch East Indies produced ______

A

Tin

51
Q

What did tin help meet the demand for?

A

Food in tin cans

52
Q

The role of Cecil Rhodes and De Beer Mining Company on Africa

A

Cecil Rhodes acquired mining claims and formed the De Beers Mining Company which would account for 90% of diamond production and was important in the field of gold. As the most powerful man in Southern Africa, he became prime minister of Cape Colony and established apartheid, racial segragation, plaguing South Africas throughout the 20th Century.

53
Q

Industrialization was accompanied by the need to find raw materials that could be turned into _______

A

Finished products to be sold globally.

54
Q

As urban populations grew, the demand for _______ was met by imports

A

food

55
Q

Food imports were made possible new technologies like _______

A

Refrigeration

56
Q

As nations grew wealthier, what developed?

A

Stock Exchanges

57
Q

Stock Exchanges allowed more people to do what with their capital?

A

Invest

58
Q

Stock Exchanges increased the need to do what to global markets and investments?

A

Protect them

59
Q

Change in Farming that led to Monocultures

A

Farmers were forced to raise cash crops only

60
Q

Monoculture

A

A lack of agricultural diversity

61
Q

How Cash Crops/Monoculture Damage the Land

A

Cause deforestation, deplete soil’s natural fertility, and spread pests/crop diseases more easily

62
Q

Consequences of Cash Crops Farming on Former Colonies

A

They are still not able to rediversify their land use and have to import basic agricultural goods to feed their people

63
Q

Australia, South Afr., parts of West Afr., and Alaska produced ______

A

Large deposits of gold

APWH: Unit 6 (7 decks)

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