Unit 6.1-6.3 Quiz Flashcards
what is the SI unit of measuring quantity
the mole
how many representative particles are in a mole
6.02*10^23
what is a representative particle
the smallest piece of matter of a substance that has the substance’s chemistry
what is the representative particle for a compound
the molecule
what is the representative particle for most elements
an atom
what are the diatomic elements
h2, n2, o2, f2, cl2, br2, i2
what are the three questions that rutheford’s model exposed?
how were the electrons arranged?
Why weren’t they being pulled into the nucleus?
What about atomic structure allowed different elements to give out different colored light?
what is electromagnetic radiation
its energy that moves through space like a wave
what is amplitude
the wave’s height from zero to crest
what is wavelength
the distance between the crests
what is frequency
the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time
the colors we see are called
the visible spectrum
the visible spectrum is just a small portion of wat
electromagnetic radiation
how fast does all electromagnetic radiation travel in a vacuum
at the speed of light
what two questions did scientists ask that couldn’t be explained with light simply as a wave
why does the same metal give off only specific wavelengths of light at certain temperatures?
and why do some metals emit electrons when exposed to only certain frequencies of light?
what did mac planck discover
he discovered that matter can only gain or lose energy in small specific amounts called quanta
the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom (not a set amount–depends on the atom and circumstances)
quantum
in this effect, electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal’s when light of a certain frequency or higher shines on the surface
photoelectric effect
who proposed that light isn’t a pure wave of energy
alber einstein
a massless particle that carries a quantum of energy and moves with a wavelike motion
photon
what can be used to separate light into the colors that it contains
a prism
the set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of that element
atomic emission spectrum of an element
which model explained the relationship between the atomic structure and light
bohr’s model/ the quantum model
what did bohr state
that electrons moved around the nucleus in specific circular orbitals of defined energy
the lowest possible state for an electron
ground state
anything above the ground state
excited state
what did bohr’s model explain
why the atomic emission spectrum for hydrogen only had certain wavelengths of light
what question did bohr ask that allowed him to infer something about how orbitals were arranged
if the orbitals were evenly spaced, shouldn’t the wavelengths emitted be simple multiples of each other?
what didnt bohrs model explain?
It didn’t explain how multiple electrons would not arrange themselves within the energy levels or whether or not you could have more than one electron in an energy level
what is the heisenberg uncertainty principle
it states that you cannot know the position and velocity of an object at the same time
what does the quantum mechanical model give us
it gives us an accurate description of how electrons arrange themselves in an atom, how many electrons in an energy level, the shape of the orbitals etc….
energy levels
an electrons distance from the nucleus
the shape of an electron cloud
sublevel
the probable location for 2e-
atomic orbitals
what letters describe the sublevel shapes
s,p,d,f
what shape are s orbitals
spherical shape
what shape are p orbitals
dumbbell shape
what don’t we know about p orbitals
how the electrons get from one side to the other side
what is the order of the sublevels for the little trick thing
1s, 2p, 3d, 4f
how many electrons in s orbital
2e-
how many electrons in p orbital
6e-
how many electrons in d orbital
10e-
how many electrons in f orbital
14e-
this shows where each electrons in an atom is located
electron configuration
states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available
aufbau principle
states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins
hund’s rule
how are orbital diagrams expressed
arrows in boxes
how are noble gas configurations expressed
- find preceding noble gas
- subtract noble gas electrons from element electrons
- start an s orbital with element role number
how are electron notations/configurations expressed
write it out like 1s^2, 2s^2 etc
