Quarter 1 Exam Flashcards
alpha radiation would be attracted to
a negative magnetic plate
what is the least penetrating particle
alpha particles
the force that holds the particles in the nucleus together and overcomes the electrostatic repulsion is called the..?
strong nuclear force
if a nucleus has too many protons and not enough neutrons the best way for it to achieve stability is to emit…?
a positron
the reason that fission reactions develop into a chain reaction is because they release
extra neutrons
Cu0 is brownish, while Cu2+ is blue in color. the best reason for this is…
the electron configurations are different so the types of light it can absorb and reflect are different
the type of energy tat electrons absorb and emit is ______ energy
electromagnetic energy
a single packet of energy that an electron may absorb is called a ___
photon
the amount of energy in a packet of light energy depends on its ____
frequency
what has the highest amount of energy per packet
ultra violet light
if an electron is in orbit #1 how can it get to orbit 2 or 3
by absorbing a distinct amount of energy only, corresponding to the energy difference between levels one and three or one and two
t/f a bunsen flame is otter than a luminous flame and burns cleanly because there is more air premixed with the methane
true
t/f scientific hypotheses are predictions that must be falsifiable/testable
true
t/f a control group is not the factors that you keep constant, but a comparison test that differs from another test group by only a single factor (variable)
true
t/f in an experiment in which you are testing whether adding alcohol to water raises the mixtures density, the independent variable is the alcohol
true
t/f a substance that is composed of particles that can exhibit all forms of KE and have little attraction to and interaction with other particles, so that it can expand to fill any other container
false
t/f an atom is the smallest bit of a compound that has all of the chemical properties of that compound
false
t/f a compound is formed when two or more substances are combined such that many of the original intensive properties of the original substances are altered and the chemical identity of the material has changed
true
t/f dissolving sugar into water is a physical change
true
t/f the melting point of a substance is a physical property
true
t/f reactivity to acid is a physical change
false
a student comes up with a hypothesis that her incessant chatting is annoying dr. o. if she was to design an experiment, the independent variable is
her chatting
what type of mixtures/ compounds is easiest to tell apart by sight
compounds and heterogeneous mixtures
what is vaporization
liquid to gas
what is freezing
liquid to solid
what is condensation
gas to liquid
if you discover that every sample of a particular material found on earth is exactly identical and iis composed of exactly two parts of one element and one part of another element, the material is most likely
a compound
how many phases are in homogeneous mixtures
1 phase
intensive physical properies include both
color and melting point
a white solid substance is uniform in appearance and cannot be broken down by physical means. this substance is heated in the absence of other matter. a brown solid and a yellow gas are produced. the white substance is probably a
compound
why do scientists use significant figures
to correctly communicate the degree of estimation in their data
if you add just one proton to a neutral argon (atomic #18) atom you will get
a potassium ion
which isotope of sodium (atomic number 11) is likely to be the most abundant in nature: sodium-22, sodium-23, sodium-24, sodium-25, its impossible to take an educated guess
sodium-23
has a definite volume but not a definite shape
liquid
composed of independent uncharged particles that exhibit all types of KE
gas
composed of particles that can only exhibit vibrational ke; has a definite volume and shape
solid
composed of particles can exhibit all forms of ke but they have some attraction to and interaction with other particles, not totally independent
liquid
composed of particles which are so energized that they have fallen apart into charged bits that emit light
plasma
the term for when a gas changes state directly into a solid
deposition
the term fr when a gas changes state into a liquid
condensation
the term for when a liquid changes state into a gas but only at the liquid’s surface
evaporation
the term for when a solid turns into a liquid
melting (or fusion)
the term for when a solid changes state directly into a gas
sublimation
density is a type of what property
physical and intensive
whether something burns in the presence of oxygen is what kind of property
chemical and intensive
mass is what type of property
physical and extensive
color is what type of property
physical and intensive
the smell or odor of something is what type of property
physical and intensive
what type of property is the least helpful in identifying a substance
physical and extensive
when a white solid, which cannot be separated into anything else by physical means, is heated in the absence of other matter, a yellowish green gas is released and a black solid is formed. what conclusion can you make about the white solid. it is
definitely a compound
if you discover that every sample of a particular material found on earth is identical and is composed of exactly three parts of one element and one part of another element, and the elements have different properties when combined in this material, the material is most likely
a compound
is fission or fusion easier to accomplish on earth to generate large amounts of electricity
fusion
adding neutrons to an atom that contains three protons and two neutrons will help to stabilize it because…
neutrons add more strong nuclear force without additional repulsive electrical forces
t/f a mole shows the amount of atoms in a sample when oyu weigh out the atomic mass in grams (gram atomic mass)
true
t/f a mole is how many times larger a gram is than an amu
true
t/f a mole is the number of molecules in the smallest sample of a compound that you can measure
false
t/f a mole of one substance will contain the same numbers of things as one mole of a different substance
true
t/f a mole allows you to quixly relate mass to numbers of particles, so that we can count atoms and molecules by weighing them
true
the number of waves per second is
frequency
what is found to be false about bohr;s theory
electrons continually move around the nucleus in circular orbits like satellites
the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one place to another is a
quantum
given our present understanding of electron configuration, the most accurate drawing of where electrons exist around an atom’s nucleus would look like
a probability plot showing weirdly shaped clouds of dots where you are most likely to find the electrons
ionication energy and atomic radius tend to have a what type of relationsip
inverse relationship
most metals on the periodic table are
metals
elements that are in the process of filling d orbitals are known as
transition metals
group VIIA elements are often called
halogens
