Unit 6 - Vocab. List #1

Question 1

Phillip Zimbardo

Answer 1

American social psychologist who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment

Question 2

Leon Festinger

Answer 2

Created the cognitive dissonance theory: the state of psychological tension and anxiety that occurs when an individual’s attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent. +Groupthink

Question 3

Solomon Asch

Answer 3

Had the Asch experiment to look into the effect conformity within groups

Question 4

Stanley Milgram

Answer 4

Shock Experiment with controversial experiments on obedience at Yale. Inspired by the Holocaust

Question 5

Attribution Theory

Answer 5

The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Question 6

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 6

The tendency for observes, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Question 7

Attitude

Answer 7

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predisposes us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Question 8

Foot In The Door Phenomenon

Answer 8

The tendency for people who first agreed to a small task to comply later with a larger request

Question 9

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 9

The theory that we act to reduce discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. Ex: attitudes & actions clashing resulting in dissonance

Question 10

Conformity

Answer 10

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Question 11

Social Facilitation

Answer 11

Improved performance on well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Question 12

Deindividuation

Answer 12

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal anonymity

Question 13

Group Polarization

Answer 13

The enchantment of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Question 14

Groupthink

Answer 14

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 15

Prejudice

Answer 15

An unjustifiable attitude (usually negative) towards a group and its members. Generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

Question 16

Stereotype

Answer 16

A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

Question 17

Just-World-Phenomenon

Answer 17

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 18

Ingroup

Answer 18

“us” - people with whom we share a common identity

Question 19

Outgroup

Answer 19

“them” - those who are perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

Question 20

Aggression

Answer 20

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

Question 21

Mere-Exposure Effect

Answer 21

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Question 22

Passionate Love

Answer 22

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship

Question 23

Companionate Love

Answer 23

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom out lives are intertwined

Question 24

Altruism

Answer 24

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 25

Bystander Effect

Answer 25

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 26

Reciprocity Norm

Answer 26

An expectation that people with help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Question 27

Social Exchange Theory

Answer 27

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs