Unit 1 - Vocab. List 2 Flashcards
Hindsight Bias
the tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that one would have foreseen or predicted it
Theory
An explanation that integrates principles, organizes, and predictions on behavior/events; well-sustained explanation of some aspects of the natural world
Hypothesis
A tentative and testable explanation of the relationship between two ( or more ) events or variable; a testable, educated guess or prediction
Operational Definition
A term to describe the procedure of a study and the research variables
Replication
Reproducing a study with the same experiment and variables multiple times to see if you get the same results
Meta-Analysis
A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
Naturalistic Observation
A research method that involves observing subjects in their natural habitat
Sampling Bias
A Bias that occurs when some members of a testing population have a lower sampling probability than others; a systematic difference between samples taken at different times and places
Debriefing
A bias that occurs when an experiment or tells the subject more information about the study’s purpose and procedures after the study is completed
Correlation Coefficient
A statistical measure of the strength and duration of the relationship between two factors; represents if variables are cause and effect
Positive Correlation
When both variables tend to move ( increase/decrease ) together
Negative Correlation
When the relationship between two variables is opposite; as one increases the other decreases
Regression to the Mean
The tendency of results that are extreme by chance on first measurement, extremely above or below average, to move closer to the average when measured again
Informed Consent
The subject is given enough information on the study to make a sound decision on their participation
Generalizability
The measure of how useful the results of a study are; extent to which results can be applied beyond the sample
Validity
How well a test measures what it was designed to measure; ability to find consistent results
Mean
The calculated average; found by adding all the numbers and dividing by the total number of values
Median
The middle value of a set of numbers
Mode
The most frequent value in a set of numbers
Institutional Review Board
An administrative board established to protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects
Normal Curve
The hypothetical bell-shaped curve of a graphed normal distribution frequency
Inferential Statistics
Provides data from a sample that a researcher studies to make conclusions about a population
Statistical Significance
Indicates weather or not differences between groups is because of chance or experimental influence
