Unit 4 - Vocab. List #1

Question 1

Albert Bandura

Answer 1

The creator of the social learning theory; a theory that states people can learn through simple observation of others in a social context. His most famous social learning experiment was the Bobo Doll experiment

Question 2

B.F. Skinner

Answer 2

Elaborated further on Thorndike’s law of effect: rewarded behavior tends to reoccur and punished behavior is less likely to reoccur; revealed principals of behavioral control and created behavior control technology

Question 3

Law of Effect

Answer 3

Thorndike’s principals that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Question 4

Edward Tolman

Answer 4

The first psychologist to study latent learning: information that may lie dormant or hidden; and came up with terms known as cognitive maps and purposive behaviorism

Question 5

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 5

Explored psychology’s most famous phenomenon called classical conditioning. Lived 1849-1936.

Question 6

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 6

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Question 7

Classical Conditioning

Answer 7

A type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli. In Pavlov’s classic experiment the first stimulus (a tone), comes to an elicit behavior (drooling), in anticipation of the second stimulus (food)

Question 8

Cognitive Learning

Answer 8

The acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, watching others, or through language

Question 9

Operant Conditioning

Answer 9

A type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to reoccur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to reoccur if followed by a punishment

Question 10

Observational Learning

Answer 10

Learning by watching others in social settings

Question 11

Latent Learning

Answer 11

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Question 12

Fixed Interval

Answer 12

A type of operant conditioning; a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Question 13

Fixed Ratio

Answer 13

A type of operant conditioning; a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Question 14

Variable Interval

Answer 14

A type of operant conditioning; reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Question 15

Variable Ratio

Answer 15

A type of operant conditioning; reinforces a response after an unpredictable amount of of responses

Question 16

Generalization

Answer 16

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Question 17

Discrimination

Answer 17

In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Question 18

Punishment

Answer 18

An event that tends to decrease that behavior that it follows

Question 19

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 19

Increasing behaviors by presenting any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response

Question 20

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 20

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing aversive stimuli. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response

Question 21

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 21

A stimulus which initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention

Question 22

Extinction

Answer 22

The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulusdoes not follow a conditioned stimulus; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced