Unit #5 - Vocab. List #2 Flashcards
Benjamin Lee Whorf
A linguist who hypothesized that language itself shapes a person’s basic ideas; linguistic determinism
Noam Chomsky
A linguist that argued that language is nature’s gift - an unlearned human trait,separate from other parts of human cognition. Theorized built-in predisposition to learn grammar rules, which he called universal grammar.
Robert Sternberg
5 Forms of Creativity. +Three Intelligence; Analytical, Creative, and Practical Intelligence
Howard Gardner
Identified eight relatively Intelligence, including the verbal and mathematical aptitudes assessed by standardized test.
Carol Dweck
Her theory argues that people holding a growth mindset believe their abilities can change with practice, while people with a fixed mindset believe their abilities can’t be changed
Mental Set
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in one’s past.
Heuristic
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but more errorprone
Prototype
A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items or a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories
Confirmation Bias
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
Phoneme
In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Morpheme
In a language, the smallest unit of sound that carries meaning; like a prefix
Telegraphic Speech
The early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram “go car” using mostly verbs and nouns
Linguistic Determinism
The strong form of Whorf’s hypothesis - that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us
Encoding specificity
The idea that cues and context to a particular memory will be most effective in helping to recall it
General Intelligence
According to Spearman and others, G.I. underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Crystallized Intelligence
Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Fluid Intelligence
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood
Standford-Binet
The widely used American revision (by Terman at Standford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test
Normal Curve
A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall around the mean
Reliability
The extent to which a test yield consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of a test, on alternative forms of a test, or on retesting
Validity
The extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Intelligence Quotient
Defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronicle age
