Unit 6 Vocab

Question 1

a boundary that separates urban land uses from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand

Answer 1

urban growth boundary

Question 2

a city and its surrounding suburbs

Answer 2

urban area

Question 3

a city and the surrounding areas that are influenced economically and culturally by the city

Answer 3

metropolitan area

Question 4

a city that wields political, cultural, and economic influence on a global scale

Answer 4

world city

Question 5

a city with a population of more than 10 million

Answer 5

megacity

Question 6

a city with a population of more than 20
million

Answer 6

metacity

Question 7

a government’s right to take over privately owned property for public use or interest

Answer 7

eminent domain

Question 8

a high-poverty urban area in a disadvantaged location containing steep slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, or industry

Answer 8

disamenity zone

Question 9

a measure of how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment

Answer 9

walkability

Question 10

a model of urban development depicting a city growing outward from a central business district in a series of concentric rings

Answer 10

concentric zone model

Question 11

a model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a formal central business district, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes

Answer 11

Southeast Asian city model

Question 12

a model of urban development depicting a city where economic activity has moved from the central business district toward loose coalitions of other urban areas and suburbs; also known as the peripheral model

Answer 12

galactic city model

Question 13

a model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around one central business district

Answer 13

multiple-nuclei model

Question 14

a model of urban development depicting a city with a central business district, concentric rings, and sections stricken by poverty; also known as the Griffin-Ford model

Answer 14

Latin American city model

Question 15

a model of urban development depicting a city with three central business districts, growing outward in a series of concentric rings

Answer 15

African City Model

Question 16

a model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the central business district, generally along transit routes

Answer 16

sector model

Question 17

a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation

Answer 17

gravity model

Question 18

a practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince White property owners to sell their houses at below market prices

Answer 18

blockbusting

Question 19

a ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl

Answer 19

greenbelt

Question 20

a school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland

Answer 20

New Urbanism

Question 21

a single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces

Answer 21

mixed-use development (MUD)

Question 22

a suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents

Answer 22

boomburb

Question 23

a theory used to describe the spatial relationship between cities and their surrounding communities

Answer 23

central place theory

Question 24

a type of community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers with office space, retail complexes, and other amenities typical of an urban center

Answer 24

edge city

Question 25

a typically fast-growing community outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan area where the resident and community are closely connected to the central city and suburbs

Answer 25

exurb

Question 26

abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb

Answer 26

brownfield

Question 27

an informal housing area beset with overcrowding and poverty that features temporary homes often made of wood scraps or metal sheeting

Answer 27

squatter settlement

Question 28

area that has been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, declines in land value, and falling demand

Answer 28

zone of abandonment

Question 29

areas of poorly planned, low-density development surrounding a city

Answer 29

urban sprawl

Question 30

city where planners have used smart growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward

Answer 30

slow-growth city

Question 31

explanation of size of cities within a country; states that the second largest city will be one-half the size of the largest, the third largest will be one-third the size of the largest, and so on

Answer 31

rank-size rule

Question 32

impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain the use of natural resources

Answer 32

ecological footprint

Question 33

in central place theory, the distance that someone is willing to travel for a good or service

Answer 33

range

Question 34

in central place theory, the number of people needed to support a business

Answer 34

threshold

Question 35

law that creates affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percentage of new housing construction to be allocated for low-income renters or buyers

Answer 35

inclusionary zoning law

Question 36

planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure, and economic activities

Answer 36

regional planning

Question 37

policy implemented to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible

Answer 37

smart-growth policy

Question 38

practice by which a financial institution such as a bank refuses to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhood’s racial or ethnic makeup

Answer 38

redlining

Question 39

redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas

Answer 39

infill

Question 40

segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws

Answer 40

de facto segregation

Question 41

the creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station

Answer 41

transportation-oriented development

Question 42

the focal point of a functional region

Answer 42

node

Question 43

the largest city in a country, which far exceeds the next city in population size and importance

Answer 43

primate city

Question 44

the legal rights, as defined by a society, associated with owning land

Answer 44

land tenure

Question 45

the nationwide movement that developed in the 1950s and 1960s when U.S. cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a means of rebuilding their downtowns

Answer 45

urban renewal

Question 46

the process of dividing a city or urban area into zones within which only certain land uses are permitted

Answer 46

zoning

Question 47

the process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to lower-income groups

Answer 47

filtering

Question 48

the ways in which communities of color and poor people are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water; also called environmental racism

Answer 48

environmental injustice

Question 49

zoning that creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential (low-, medium-, or high-density), commercial, or industrial

Answer 49

traditional zoning

Question 50

zoning that permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure

Answer 50

mixed-use zoning