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AP Human Geography > Unit 6 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 6 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

a boundary that separates urban land uses from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand

A

urban growth boundary

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2
Q

a city and its surrounding suburbs

A

urban area

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3
Q

a city and the surrounding areas that are influenced economically and culturally by the city

A

metropolitan area

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4
Q

a city that wields political, cultural, and economic influence on a global scale

A

world city

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5
Q

a city with a population of more than 10 million

A

megacity

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6
Q

a city with a population of more than 20
million

A

metacity

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7
Q

a government’s right to take over privately owned property for public use or interest

A

eminent domain

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8
Q

a high-poverty urban area in a disadvantaged location containing steep slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, or industry

A

disamenity zone

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9
Q

a measure of how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment

A

walkability

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10
Q

a model of urban development depicting a city growing outward from a central business district in a series of concentric rings

A

concentric zone model

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11
Q

a model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a formal central business district, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes

A

Southeast Asian city model

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12
Q

a model of urban development depicting a city where economic activity has moved from the central business district toward loose coalitions of other urban areas and suburbs; also known as the peripheral model

A

galactic city model

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13
Q

a model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around one central business district

A

multiple-nuclei model

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14
Q

a model of urban development depicting a city with a central business district, concentric rings, and sections stricken by poverty; also known as the Griffin-Ford model

A

Latin American city model

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15
Q

a model of urban development depicting a city with three central business districts, growing outward in a series of concentric rings

A

African City Model

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16
Q

a model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the central business district, generally along transit routes

A

sector model

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17
Q

a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation

A

gravity model

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18
Q

a practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince White property owners to sell their houses at below market prices

A

blockbusting

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19
Q

a ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl

A

greenbelt

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20
Q

a school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland

A

New Urbanism

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21
Q

a single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces

A

mixed-use development (MUD)

22
Q

a suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents

A

boomburb

23
Q

a theory used to describe the spatial relationship between cities and their surrounding communities

A

central place theory

24
Q

a type of community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers with office space, retail complexes, and other amenities typical of an urban center

A

edge city

25
Q

a typically fast-growing community outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan area where the resident and community are closely connected to the central city and suburbs

A

exurb

26
Q

abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb

A

brownfield

27
Q

an informal housing area beset with overcrowding and poverty that features temporary homes often made of wood scraps or metal sheeting

A

squatter settlement

28
Q

area that has been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, declines in land value, and falling demand

A

zone of abandonment

29
Q

areas of poorly planned, low-density development surrounding a city

A

urban sprawl

30
Q

city where planners have used smart growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward

A

slow-growth city

31
Q

explanation of size of cities within a country; states that the second largest city will be one-half the size of the largest, the third largest will be one-third the size of the largest, and so on

A

rank-size rule

32
Q

impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain the use of natural resources

A

ecological footprint

33
Q

in central place theory, the distance that someone is willing to travel for a good or service

A

range

34
Q

in central place theory, the number of people needed to support a business

A

threshold

35
Q

law that creates affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percentage of new housing construction to be allocated for low-income renters or buyers

A

inclusionary zoning law

36
Q

planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure, and economic activities

A

regional planning

37
Q

policy implemented to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible

A

smart-growth policy

38
Q

practice by which a financial institution such as a bank refuses to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhood’s racial or ethnic makeup

A

redlining

39
Q

redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas

A

infill

40
Q

segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws

A

de facto segregation

41
Q

the creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station

A

transportation-oriented development

42
Q

the focal point of a functional region

A

node

43
Q

the largest city in a country, which far exceeds the next city in population size and importance

A

primate city

44
Q

the legal rights, as defined by a society, associated with owning land

A

land tenure

45
Q

the nationwide movement that developed in the 1950s and 1960s when U.S. cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a means of rebuilding their downtowns

A

urban renewal

46
Q

the process of dividing a city or urban area into zones within which only certain land uses are permitted

A

zoning

47
Q

the process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to lower-income groups

A

filtering

48
Q

the ways in which communities of color and poor people are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water; also called environmental racism

A

environmental injustice

49
Q

zoning that creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential (low-, medium-, or high-density), commercial, or industrial

A

traditional zoning

50
Q

zoning that permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure

A

mixed-use zoning

AP Human Geography (6 decks)

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