Unit 6 Vocab Flashcards
a boundary that separates urban land uses from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand
urban growth boundary
a city and its surrounding suburbs
urban area
a city and the surrounding areas that are influenced economically and culturally by the city
metropolitan area
a city that wields political, cultural, and economic influence on a global scale
world city
a city with a population of more than 10 million
megacity
a city with a population of more than 20
million
metacity
a government’s right to take over privately owned property for public use or interest
eminent domain
a high-poverty urban area in a disadvantaged location containing steep slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, or industry
disamenity zone
a measure of how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment
walkability
a model of urban development depicting a city growing outward from a central business district in a series of concentric rings
concentric zone model
a model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a formal central business district, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes
Southeast Asian city model
a model of urban development depicting a city where economic activity has moved from the central business district toward loose coalitions of other urban areas and suburbs; also known as the peripheral model
galactic city model
a model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around one central business district
multiple-nuclei model
a model of urban development depicting a city with a central business district, concentric rings, and sections stricken by poverty; also known as the Griffin-Ford model
Latin American city model
a model of urban development depicting a city with three central business districts, growing outward in a series of concentric rings
African City Model
a model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the central business district, generally along transit routes
sector model
a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation
gravity model
a practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince White property owners to sell their houses at below market prices
blockbusting
a ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl
greenbelt
a school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland
New Urbanism
a single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces
mixed-use development (MUD)
a suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents
boomburb
a theory used to describe the spatial relationship between cities and their surrounding communities
central place theory
a type of community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers with office space, retail complexes, and other amenities typical of an urban center
edge city
a typically fast-growing community outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan area where the resident and community are closely connected to the central city and suburbs
exurb
abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb
brownfield
an informal housing area beset with overcrowding and poverty that features temporary homes often made of wood scraps or metal sheeting
squatter settlement
area that has been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, declines in land value, and falling demand
zone of abandonment
areas of poorly planned, low-density development surrounding a city
urban sprawl
city where planners have used smart growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward
slow-growth city
explanation of size of cities within a country; states that the second largest city will be one-half the size of the largest, the third largest will be one-third the size of the largest, and so on
rank-size rule
impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain the use of natural resources
ecological footprint
in central place theory, the distance that someone is willing to travel for a good or service
range
in central place theory, the number of people needed to support a business
threshold
law that creates affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percentage of new housing construction to be allocated for low-income renters or buyers
inclusionary zoning law
planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure, and economic activities
regional planning
policy implemented to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible
smart-growth policy
practice by which a financial institution such as a bank refuses to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhood’s racial or ethnic makeup
redlining
redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas
infill
segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws
de facto segregation
the creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station
transportation-oriented development
the focal point of a functional region
node
the largest city in a country, which far exceeds the next city in population size and importance
primate city
the legal rights, as defined by a society, associated with owning land
land tenure
the nationwide movement that developed in the 1950s and 1960s when U.S. cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a means of rebuilding their downtowns
urban renewal
the process of dividing a city or urban area into zones within which only certain land uses are permitted
zoning
the process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to lower-income groups
filtering
the ways in which communities of color and poor people are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water; also called environmental racism
environmental injustice
zoning that creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential (low-, medium-, or high-density), commercial, or industrial
traditional zoning
zoning that permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure
mixed-use zoning
