Unit 3 Vocab

Question 1

the process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture

Answer 1

acculturation

Question 2

a category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

Answer 2

assimilation

Question 3

a force that divides a group of people

Answer 3

centrifugal force

Question 4

a force that unites a group of people

Answer 4

centripetal force

Question 5

a culture in which people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and to be obedient to and respectful of elder family members

Answer 5

collectivist culture

Question 6

the process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all social classes and levels of power

Answer 6

contagious diffusion

Question 7

the blending of two or more languages that may not include the features of either original language

Answer 7

creolization

Question 8

the act of adopting elements of another culture

Answer 8

cultural appropriation

Question 9

the process by which cultures become more similar through interaction

Answer 9

cultural convergence

Question 10

the process by which cultures become less similar through due to conflicting beliefs or other barriers

Answer 10

cultural divergence

Question 11

an area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse

Answer 11

cultural hearth

Question 12

a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values

Answer 12

cultural landscape

Question 13

a shared standard or pattern that guides the behavior or a group of people

Answer 13

cultural norm

Question 14

the evaluation of a culture by its own standards

Answer 14

cultural relativism

Question 15

a shared object or cultural practice

Answer 15

cultural trait

Question 16

the beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation

Answer 16

culture

Question 17

a separate church organization that unites a number of local congregations

Answer 17

denomination

Question 18

a variation of a standard language specific to a general area, with differences in pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech, word choice, and spelling

Answer 18

dialect

Question 19

the process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time

Answer 19

diffusion

Question 20

a cultural landscape within a community of people outside of their area of origin

Answer 20

ethnic neighborhood

Question 21

a religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group often living in a particular place

Answer 21

ethnic religion

Question 22

the state of belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

Answer 22

ethnicity

Question 23

the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture

Answer 23

ethnocentrism

Question 24

the spread of cultural trait outward from where it originated

Answer 24

expansion diffusion

Question 25

an individual's innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both, or neither

Answer 25

gender identity

Question 26

a space designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles

Answer 26

gendered space

Question 27

the renovations and improvements conforming to middle-class preferences

Answer 27

gentrification

Question 28

the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places

Answer 28

hierarchical diffusion

Question 29

the ways in which humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others

Answer 29

identity

Question 30

a language that is unrelated to any other known language

Answer 30

isolate

Question 31

a distinct system of communication that is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identities

Answer 31

language

Question 32

a collection of languages within a language family that share a common origin and separated from other branches in the same family several thousand years ago

Answer 32

language branch

Question 33

a group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin

Answer 33

language family

Question 34

languages within a language that share a common ancestor in the relative ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap

Answer 34

language group

Question 35

common language used among speakers of different languages

Answer 35

lingua franca

Question 36

a situation in which different cultures live together without assimilating

Answer 36

multiculturalism

Question 37

a journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons

Answer 37

pilgrimage

Question 38

a community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play, and learn

Answer 38

placemaking

Question 39

the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time

Answer 39

popular culture

Question 40

a building style that emerged as a reaction to "modern" designs, and values diversity in design

Answer 40

postmodern architecture

Question 41

a system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values

Answer 41

religion

Question 42

the spread of culture traits through the movement of people

Answer 42

relocation diffusion

Question 43

relatively small group that has separated from an established religious domination

Answer 43

sect

Question 44

focused on worldly rather than spiritual concerns

Answer 44

secularized

Question 45

the subjective feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location

Answer 45

sense of place

Question 46

the process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture or region but is modified to adapt to the new culture

Answer 46

stimulus diffusion

Question 47

process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new

Answer 47

syncretism

Question 48

an established building style of different cultures, religions, and places

Answer 48

traditional architecture

Question 49

the long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation

Answer 49

traditional culture

Question 50

a religion that tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone

Answer 50

universalizing religion