Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards
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the process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture
acculturation
a category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other
assimilation
a force that divides a group of people
centrifugal force
a force that unites a group of people
centripetal force
a culture in which people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and to be obedient to and respectful of elder family members
collectivist culture
the process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all social classes and levels of power
contagious diffusion
the blending of two or more languages that may not include the features of either original language
creolization
the act of adopting elements of another culture
cultural appropriation
the process by which cultures become more similar through interaction
cultural convergence
the process by which cultures become less similar through due to conflicting beliefs or other barriers
cultural divergence
an area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse
cultural hearth
a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values
cultural landscape
a shared standard or pattern that guides the behavior or a group of people
cultural norm
the evaluation of a culture by its own standards
cultural relativism
a shared object or cultural practice
cultural trait
the beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation
culture
a separate church organization that unites a number of local congregations
denomination
a variation of a standard language specific to a general area, with differences in pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech, word choice, and spelling
dialect
the process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time
diffusion
a cultural landscape within a community of people outside of their area of origin
ethnic neighborhood
a religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group often living in a particular place
ethnic religion
the state of belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics
ethnicity
the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture
ethnocentrism
the spread of cultural trait outward from where it originated
expansion diffusion
an individual’s innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both, or neither
gender identity
a space designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles
gendered space
the renovations and improvements conforming to middle-class preferences
gentrification
the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places
hierarchical diffusion
the ways in which humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others
identity
a language that is unrelated to any other known language
isolate
a distinct system of communication that is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identities
language
a collection of languages within a language family that share a common origin and separated from other branches in the same family several thousand years ago
language branch
a group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin
language family
languages within a language that share a common ancestor in the relative ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap
language group
common language used among speakers of different languages
lingua franca
a situation in which different cultures live together without assimilating
multiculturalism
a journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons
pilgrimage
a community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play, and learn
placemaking
the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time
popular culture
a building style that emerged as a reaction to “modern” designs, and values diversity in design
postmodern architecture
a system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values
religion
the spread of culture traits through the movement of people
relocation diffusion
relatively small group that has separated from an established religious domination
sect
focused on worldly rather than spiritual concerns
secularized
the subjective feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location
sense of place
the process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture or region but is modified to adapt to the new culture
stimulus diffusion
process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new
syncretism
an established building style of different cultures, religions, and places
traditional architecture
the long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation
traditional culture
a religion that tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone
universalizing religion
