Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards
the total number of farmers per unit of arable land
agricultural density
Describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth
antinatalist
the total number of people per unit area of land; also called crude density
arithmetic density
the right to protection
asylum
the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another - often richer - country
brain drain
the maximum population size an environment can sustain
carrying capacity
type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there
chain migration
Migration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs
circular migration
the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population
crude birth rate (CBR)
The number of deaths in a given year per 1,000 people in a given environment
crude death rate (CDR)
a model that represents shifts in the growth of the world’s populations, based on population trends related to birth rate and death rate
demographic transition model (DTM)
The number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working age group (ages 15 to 64) multiplied by 100
dependency ratio
a principle stating that the farther away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two things will have
Distance decay
The number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double
doubling time
Movement away from a location
emigration
A model that describes the changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as a result of changes in causes of death
epidemiological transition model (ETM)
type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors
forced migration
a concept that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve
friction of distance
a model that predicts the interaction between 2 or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation
gravity model
a migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor
guest workers
the permanent movement of people from one place to another
human migration
defined by the UN as “the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)”
Human trafficking
movement to a location
immigration
the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births
infant mortality rate (IMR)
movement within a country’s borders
internal migration
person who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains within the country’s borders
internally displaced persons
movement from one region of the country to another
interregional migration
an occurrence that holds migrants back
intervening obstacle
an occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice
intervening opportunity
movement within one region of the country
intraregional migration
the average number of years a person is expected to live
life expectancy
describing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that future population cannot be supported by Earth’s resources
Neo-Malthusian
the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or a country
net migration
the total number of people per unit of arable land
physiological density
the number of people occupying a unit of land
population density
where people live in a geographic area
population distribution
a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population
population pyramid
describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a means of spurring population growth
pronatalist
a positive cause that attracts someone to a new location
pull factor
a negative cause that compels someone to leave a location
push factor
limit on the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year
quotas
rate at which a population grows as the result of the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate
rate of natural increase (RNI)
a person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of prosecution or death
refugee
the spread of culture traits through the movement of people
relocation diffusion
money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country
remittances
the proportion or males to females in a population
sex ratio
series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination
step migration
the average number of children one woman in a given country or region will have during her childbearing years (ages 15 to 49)
total fertility rate (TFR)
international migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their countries of origin
transnational migration
type of migration in which people make the choice to move to a new place
voluntary migration
