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Patient Management > Unit 6: Vital Signs > Flashcards

Unit 6: Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Why do MRTs need to know this

A

in CT routine monitoring of patient during procedure and pre procedure screening
- recording vital signs on hospital chart

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2
Q

When should an MRT measure vital signs

A

if RN is not present mrt must have the knowledge to do so
- before and after a CT scan where patient is given medication
- any time LOC changes
- if patient reports non specific symptoms of stress

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3
Q

3 things involved with taking vital signs

A
  • Body temperature
  • pulse
  • respirations
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4
Q

Blood pressure as a vital sign

A
  • not often a vital sign but measured with the other 3 in overall assessment of the patient
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5
Q

Pain as a vital sign

A

physiologic response are indicators of adversity or response to therapy

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6
Q

Define Body Temperature

A

Physiologic balance between heat produced in cells and heat lost to environment

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7
Q

How much of a fluctuation can affect physiology

A

2-3C can affect cellular functions and cardiopulmonary demands

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8
Q

What produces body heat

A

Metabolic activities
- the environment
- time of day
- weight
- horomone levels

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9
Q

What is thermoregulation controlled by in the brain

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

What is thermoregulation

A
  • keeping body temperature constant
  • vasoconstriction
  • shivering
  • diaphoresis
  • peripheral vasodilation
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11
Q

What is normal body temperature

A

37* C or 98.6*F

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12
Q

Body temperature in infants and children

A
  • 3 months to 3 years is 37.2-37.61
  • 5-13 years is 36.56-37
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13
Q

What is hypothermia

A

body temperature below normal limits
- may be induced medically or by trauma to the hypothalamus
- reduces patients need for O2 and slows down the cardiopulmonary system (brachycardia)

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14
Q

What is hyperthermia

A
  • elevated body temperature
  • febrile
  • usually due to disease process
  • as body temp increases demand for O2 increases and CO2 production increases
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15
Q

How to take oral temperature

A
  • used in adults or cooperative children
  • under tongue
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16
Q

How to take Axillary temperature

A
  • armpit
  • useful with infants
  • can be unreliable
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17
Q

Rectal temperature

A
  • most accurate
  • close to the core
  • should not be taken if patient is restless or has rectal pathology
  • normally only on infants
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18
Q

Tympanic or Aural temperature

A
  • ear thermometer is small hand held device
  • core body temperature
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19
Q

temperature sensitive patches

A

placed on abdomen or forehead

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20
Q

Normal Pulse Rates

A
  • adults 60-90 bpm
  • child 90-100bpm
  • infant 120bpm
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21
Q

Apical Pulse Definition

A

listening to the heart directly
- counting heartbeat
- apical pulse will never be lower than radial pulse
- count beats for one minute

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22
Q

where is apical pulse taken

A

5th intercostal space 3-4 inches left of sternal margin

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23
Q

Radial Pulse Definition

A
  • at wrist/base of thumb
  • count for one minute
  • use pads of middle fingers
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24
Q

Brachial Pulse

A
  • antecubital fossa of the elbow
  • brachial artery in the upper arm
25
Carotid Pulse
- at angle of mandible over carotid artery - typically done during CPR - push up with fingers slightly anterior and below the angle of the mandible
26
Femoral Pulse
- over femoral artery in groin - not routine
27
Popliteal Pulse
- not routine - trauma
28
Temporal Pulse
- over temporal artery infront of ear
29
Dorsalis Pedis Pulse
- at the top of the foot in line with the groove between first and second toes
30
Posterior Tibial Pulse
- medial aspect of ankles
31
Assessment of Pulse
- baseline should be obtained prior to invasive DI procedures
32
Who often has a low heart rate
- fit individuals and hypothermic patients often have a low heart rate
33
When should pulse be taken
- at rest - apical for most patients - assess strength and regularity of pulse as well as beats per minute
34
tachycardia
- abnormally rapid heart rate (>100BPM)
35
Brachycardia
abnormally slow heart rate (<60BPM)
36
What is an ECG
recording of the hearts electric activity
37
What is the flatline on an ECG
- isoelectric line - signifies resting membrane potentials
38
What is a deflection
- postive or negative changes in the tracing
39
What is the P wave on an ECg
- depolarization of the atrial muscles - SA node fires at start of P wave - atrial contraction begins at the peak of P wave
40
What is QRS complex on ECG
- depolarization of the ventricular cells - Q is initial downward defliection - contraction commences at peak of R wave - S portion is return to baseline
41
What is T wave on ECG
- repolarization of ventricles
42
Regular or Irregular Rhythm
If the intervals between peak of QRS complexes (RR intervals) are consistent, ventricular rhythm is regular.
43
What is STEMI
ST Elavation Myocardial Infarction Profoundly life threatening and associated with atherosclerosis (CAD)
44
Respiration Baseline Rate
- adults 12-20/min - child (1-10 yrs) 20-30/min - newborns 30-60/min
45
respirations fewer than 10/min
in an adult may lead to cyanoisis, apprehension, restlessness and changes in LOC
46
Assessment of Respiration
1. count the number of chest rises and falls in one minute 2. pattern of respiration 3. depth of respiration (shallow normal or deep)
47
Dyspnea
common term used to describe difficulty breathing - often presents as shortness of breath
48
Tachypnea
- respiratory greater than 20/min
49
Bradynpea
- abnomral decrease in respiratory rate
50
Orthonpea
difficulty breathing unless standing up or erect
51
Apnea
absence of spontaneous ventilation
52
Stridor
- creaking or whistling - caused by narrowing or airway obstruction
53
Blood pressure definition
- pressure is a product of flow and resistance - BP is reflection of resistance the blood meets in the systemic vasculature when its ejected from the left ventricle during systole
54
Peripheral Vascular Reisistance
- resistance of the circulatory system that is used to create BP - vasoconstriction (higher PVR) vasodialation lower PVR (shock) - PVR is mediated on a neuro- hormonal level
55
Mediating BP
1. Pumping action of the heart 2. Blood volume (dehydration or hemmorage)
56
Maintenance of BP depends on
Blood viscosity - # of red blood cells in plasma Elasticity of arterial wall - vasoconstriction/dialation
57
Factors that affect BP
- age,sex, development, body position - large intake of food increases - emotion increases
58
Systolic and Diastolic Definition
The highest point reached during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart as it pumps blood into the aorta (Systolic Pressure, numerator) The lowest point to which the pressure drops during relaxation of the ventricles (Diastolic Pressure, denominator)
59
Label this
- manometer gauge - valve - bulb - rubber tubing - inflatable cuff

Patient Management (7 decks)

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