Oxygen and Suction Flashcards
oxygen facts
Oxygen is colorless, odorless and tasteless.
Not flammable but, supports combustion.
Constitutes 21% of atmospheric gases.
Hypoxemia
- abnormally low oxygen levels in the blood
Hypoxiamaintain adequate tissue oxygenation.
Inadequate oxygen supply at the tissue/cellular levels
The human brain cannot function for more than 6 minutes without an adequate supply of oxygen.
Liver, heart and lungs most sensitive to hypoxia.
Hypoxemia and hypoxia are medical emergencies.
What is the goal of oxygen therapy
minimize increased cardiopulmonary workload (increased heart rate, BP & respiratory rates) associated with hypoxia/hypoxemia.
Oxygen is a ____
Drug
- must be perscribed or ordered
clinical indications for oxygen therapy
hypoxia and hypoxemia
Partial Pressure Definition
Partial pressure is a way of assessing the number of molecules of a particular gas in a mixture of gases.
It is the amount of pressure a particular gas contributes to the total pressure.
For example, we normally breathe air which at sea level has a pressure of 100kPa, oxygen contributes 21% of 100kPa, which corresponds to a partial pressure of 21kPa.
Respiratory Acidosis
- poor expelling of CO2
- decreases HCO3- and decreases pH
Metabolic Acidosis definition
Metabolic acidosisis a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body’s acid-base balance.
This can be the result of drop in bicarbonate and cause respiratory acidosis
Arterial Blood Gases
- arterial blood sample to measure the concentration of oxygen and other gases in the blood
- most accurate yet invasive
- done at radial artery at the wrist or brachial artery
Fraction of Inspired O2
Volumetric fraction of oxygen in inhaled air.
Patients who have trouble breathing are provided with oxygen-enriched air, which means a higher-than-atmosphericFiO2.
- Air FiO2 is 0.21
Normal breaths/min
- 15-20 in adults
- 20-30 in child`
Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximeter is used to monitor the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin.
- fast and non invasive methods
Who needs oxygen therapy
Any patient with impaired O2 uptake:
Trauma
Shock
Sleep apnea
Acute anxiety with increased heart rate and shortness of breath (SOB)
- COPD
- Pneumonia
Oxygen Delivery Systems
-Flowmeter (LPM)
- Flow rates (0-15LPM)
- read from the middle of the ball
Portable Oxygen Delivery
- ensure adequate oxygen supply before transfering patient
Nasal Canula
Most common low flow delivery system
concentration ranges from 21-60%
Masks
short term oxygen therapy
(30-50%) & 5-10LPM
Non rebreather masks
High flow systems
resevoir bag fills with oxygen to supply constant supply
- 15LPM
- close to 100 but 60-80% O2
Nebulizer
Adrug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs.
High flow device, precise oxygen concentrations (28 – 100%). At least 8LPM.
Can be used with aerosol face masks, ETTs or tracheostomies.
- asthma COPD CF
Venturi Masks
Air-entrainment mask
Limits oxygen to 24 – 60% by mixing room air and the oxygen in specific percentages.
Delivers known oxygen concentration to patients on controlled oxygen therapy. E.g., COPD patients.
Fixed Orifice Devices
Delivers known concentration of O2
Transtracheal Delivery System
Persons who require continuous therapy for long periods
Mechanical ventilators/respirators
Controlled or partially controlled inspiration, expiration and FiO2.
