Unit 2- Contrast Administration & Venipuncture Flashcards
Patient Education and Responsibility
Patient must be educated regarding potential adverse effects of a drug before its administered
Are contrast agents drugs?
Yes, because they can be absorbed into systemic circulationand they may produce a physiologic reponse in the body
Why use contrast agents?
To visualize the areas of the body where the organ or system looks like the surrounding area
Temporarily increase subject contrast
Adds density to appear lighter or white
Barium Sulfate
Z=56
Doesn’t dissolve (suspension)
Most common for imaging the GI system
Contraindicated if bowel perf is suspected
Vaginal rupture us a rare complication caused by incorrect placement of the tube/catheter
Water soluble Iodinated Contrast Media
Intravascular radiopaque conrast media are primarly used to add density to vasculature
Tend to have high viscosity (affects teh injectability of the medium) - can be heated to reduce
Osmality
A measure of the total number of particles in solution per kg of solvent
Expected side effects of IV contrast
feeling of warmth and flushing
metalic taste in the mouth
nausea
headache
sensation of urination
Allergic Side Effects of IV contrast media MILD
Mild: Uriticaria (hives)
- steroids and antihistamines
Allergic Side Effects of IV contrast media: SEVERE
Rare and not predicatable
Dyspnea (SOB), Seizure, Cardiac Arrest
Allergic Side Effects of IV contrast media: MODERATE
Tachy/Brady Cardia, Hyper/Hypotension, SOB, Bronchospasm/wheezing
Vasovagal reaction
Usually caused by anxiety
Rapid drop in blood pressure
- Pale skin
- Cold sweats
- Rapid pulse
- Feeling faint
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
Renal Effects of Contrast Media
CIN- contrast induced nephropathy
transient and reversible form of acute renal therapy
Most common in diabetics, patients with renal disease & elderly patients
Syringes
Plastic and disposed after 1 use
Can be prefilled or empty
Tip + Barrel + Plunger
Needles
Stainless steel & Disposable
Hub + Cannula+ Bevel
Sized according to length and gauge
Higher gauge= thinner needle
Luer-Lock Syringe
Locking device at tip of syringe that holds needle firmly in place
Packaging of Parenteral Medication
packaged to maintain sterilty
either in an ampule or a vial
IVs in the elderly
Veins are more fragile and tend to roll, have to pull the skin taut
Smaller needle may need to be used
Tourniquet is more likely to damage the skin and needs to be applied with less tension
Extravasion of IV contrast media
Contrast in the interstitial space
Remove needle and apply pressure to the site
Elevation and warm compress or cold compress
