Unit 6 Test Flashcards
What nation replaced China as the dominant power in East Asia by 1899?
Japan
What British company was most influential in opening up China to outsiders?
British East India company
What product from India did this company sell in Chinese markets?
Opium
What was the Taiping rebellion? Who was the main leader? Who did he claim to he related to?
The leader was Hong Xiuquan, who claimed the be the younger brother of Jesus. People rebelled because they believed the mandate of heaven was lost and were tired of being neglected
Where is the Balkan region? What two empire/nations occupied this region befor WW2?
The Austrian and Ottomans empires occupied this zone before WW1, the Balkan region was located between these two empires
What are the direct causes of WW1 according to the book?
Militarism, nationalism, and intense imperial competition
What nations made up the Triple Alliance? What nations made up the Triple Entente?
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria, Italy
Triple Entente: France, Britian Russia
How did nationalism affect public opinion in regards to entering WW1?
public opinion compounded the war atmosphere
How does the book described Trench Warfare?
Miserable in the muddy trenches, soldiers were called on to charge “over the top” and were shot at in attempt to over run enemy positions. They were also bombed and attacked with toxic gas.
Who was the leader of Russia during WW1?
Tsar Nicholas II
What effects did WW1 have on the Russian army?
They experienced mutiny, famine, death and were taken prisoner
What regions/nations was WW1 fought?
Germany, Russia, Ottoman empire, India, Eastern Europe, Pacific, Middle East
What caused the US to enter WW1?
Germany’s use of submarine warfare, including the Lusitania
Why was WW1 called the Great War according to the book?
The British called it the Great War
What nation and leader wanted to impose harsh reparations against Germany after WW1?
Georges Clemenceau of France
What was the Paris Peace conference? What countries were involved in the Paris Peace conference?
A conference about what to do after World War 1
What was the Weimar Republic? What issues or difficulties did it have?
The government of Germany created after WW2. They had trouble keeping a liberal political nature
What was the Mandate system? How was it applied to the Middle East?
A system for German and Ottoman provinces for the British and French to govern nations until they believed they were ready for liberation
What made the British occupation of Palestin complex?
It was impossible to please Jewish Zionists and Arab nationalists
Who was Vladimir Lenin? What were his political ideaologies?
Vladimir Lenin was a Bolshevik ruler of Russia
Who were the Bolsheviks? What was their goal under Lenin?
The Bolsheviks were a faction of WW1 Russia, and they envisioned a small dedicated group of revolutionists ruling with the interests of proletariats
Why did the Russian provisional government fail?
They lost legitimacy when they decided to keep fighting Germany
How did WW1 lead to Vladimir Lenin?
The political situation in Russia at the time WW1 was bad and he was able to put himself and the Bolsheviks in power
Describe the goals and ideaologies of Joseph Stalin?
Joseph Stalin wanted to pursue “capitalism in one country” and maintain his leadership
What did Stalin want to progress the Soviet Union through?
The Five Year plans
What was Stalin’s Five Year Plan?
A plan where he nationalized the economy and established harsh working laws and conditions
What is meant by “Socialism in one Country”?
Joseph Stalin’s slogan declaring that Soviet socialism could be achieved without passing through a capitalost phase
How would fascists describe the perfect state?
Authoritarian political doctrine based on nationalism
Who was Benito Mussolini?
Prime Minister of Italy(1882-1945) and the world’s first fascist leader
Where did Mussolini invade in 1896?
Ethiopia
When did Hitler take over the German government?
1933
What were Hitler’s beliefs towards Jews?
As one of Germany’s “problems”
What was Crystal Night?
Coordinated attacks against Jews under Hitler in Germany and Austria, where they smashed windows and burnt their homes, shops, and synagouges
How did Hitler use propoganda to spread his views and recruit his supporters?
The propoganda amplified the excitement made by Hitler’s fan and was expertly made
What was Soviet collectivization and how did Stalin utilize it?
Stalin’s replacement of peasant villages with large, state-run, collective farms following the idea of “Socialism in One Country”
What happened to Turkey following WW1?
Turkey rose as an independent nation
What caused Great Britian and France ti impose harsher policies on the colonies in the 1920s and the 1930s?
movements of anticolonial nationalism
Who was Gandhi? What was his policy of Swaraj?
Gandhi was an Indian political leader who gained mass anticolonial support against the British. The Swaraj was the first public protest against the British
What did the soinning of cotton on a spinning wheel synbolize for Gandhi?
It showed represented Gandhi’s beloef that the people of India should make their own cloth and not import British textiles
What were the results of Gandhi’s salt march?
The Indians defied British laws that said the Indians couldn’t make their own salt from salt water by walking hundreds of miles to the Ocean
Who was Nehru? In what ways was he different than Gandhi?
Neghru was the president of congress and did not believe moral transformation was a prerequisite to self rule, unlike Gandhi
After WW2 what countries became the dominant world powers?
Soviet Union and United States
What was the major turning point of WW2 for the Soviets?
The siege of Salingrad
What was the major military technique used by the Germans in WW2?
Blitzkrieg
England and France declared war on Germany after they invaded what country?
Poland
Who was Chiang-Kai-Shek? How did he become an ally of the Allied forces in WW2?
A Chinese communist who was an ally of the Allied powers because he fought Japan
What was the American naval strategy in the South Pacific during WW2?
“island-hopping”
What events led to the defeat of Japan during WW2?
The blockade of Japan and the retaking of their islands by the Americans
What happened to Japanese people living in the U.S.A after Pearl Harbor?
Their rights were taken and they were sent to detention camps
What was the Yalta conference? What was the goal of this conference?
The Yalta conference was a conference held on the Black Sea for the founding of the UN
What was Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech in response to?
Communism and Soviet influence in Europe
What was the Truman doctrine? What was the main goal of this Doctrine?
A declaration by president Harry Truman that the United States would aid anyone threatened by communism. Its goal was to execute the idea of containment
What was the Berlin Airlift? What was it in response to?
The Berlin Airlift was Western countries dropping supplies into the Soviet half of Berlin in response to the Soviets cutting everything in East Berlin off
What was the Marshall plan?
A U.S effort to rebuild post-World War 2 Europe
What year did India become independent?
1947
What was Mao’s Great Leap Forward? What was the idealistic goal of this policy?
The Great Leap Forward was Mao’s attempt declaring that agricultural collectives would be harnassed for industrial development. It was his attempt at rapid industrialization
What President took the blame for the Bay of Pigs invasion?
John F. Kennedy
Who was the Soviet leader during the Cuban Missle crisis?
Nikita Krushchev
What did the United States have to do in exchange for the Soviet removal of its missles in Cuba?
Threaten to go to war
What new country was formed out of India due to the division between Hindus and Muslims?
Pakistan
What was the 6 day war? What land was acquired as a result of the war?
A war between Egypt and Israel that resulted in Israeli occupation of Egypt’s Sinai desert, Syria’s Golan Heights, and the West Bank of the Jordan River
Why did the French decide to end their ties with Vietnam?
They couldn’t fight in Algeria and in Vietnam at the same time
What was a detente? What were its results?
The easing of tensions between the US and Soviet Union. The idea/possibility of nuclear war didnt go away, but it did recede
What country did the Soviet Union invade in 1978?
Afghanistan
The country invaded by the Soviet’s in 1978 was aided by which superpower?
The United States
Who was Mikhail Gorbachev? What new social and economic policies did he implement in the Soviet Union?
Mikhail Gorbachev was a Soviet leader. He introduced Glasnost and Perestroika, decentralizing the government and allowing formerly taboo subiects to be discussed
What was the solidarity movement?
A polish trade union that organized opposition to Polish communist rule and got a president they liked elected
What does OPEC stand for? What caused OPEC to call for the oil boycott in 1974?
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The called for the boycott because of American aid to Israel in their war with their Arab neighbors
What did the Iranian Revolution of 1979 symbolize to Islamists?
A way for them to reject secular ideas and make their voices heard on a global stage
Who was the Shah of Iran?
The ruler of Iran before Ayatollah Khomeini who ended up fleeing to the United States because of opposition
What Asian nation underwent the most dramatic economic transformation in the 1970s and 1980s?
China
Why were Deng Xiaoping’s economic policies so successful?
He did not care about the capitalist vs communist idea but he cared about what was best at the time
What was the One Child policy? What were its outcomes?
A law punishing parents who have more than one child in China, which created a huge gender imbalance
How has social media been used in protest in recent years?
It is used as a way to communicate ideas to people all over the place
What country is the World’s largest democracy?
India
