Chapter 17 quiz Flashcards
How were the Safavids and Ottomans different? How did Çelebi record their relationship?
Ottomans were defenders of the Sunni branch of Islam, and Safavids were shi’ites. Çelebi used humor to encapsulate them by describing the building of a mosque
What fueled fighting in 16th and 17th century Europe and the Middle east?
The combination of religious rivalries and politics
How had the fighting, competition and poltics of Europe and the Middle East changed from the 15/16th centuries to the 18th century?
The Safavid empire had collapsed and was no longer a major poltical player, the Ottoman empire was still an important presence, but lost the initiative to rising European states. The balance of power now favored European powers and Russia, and national competition replaced religious rivalries. The building blocks for European-dominating global power were in place
In terms of origin and rising to power, how were the Safavids and Ottomans similar and different?
Similar: They originated from nomadic, steppe-land environments, turkic speaking, adopted islamic law and tradition
Different: Different interperetations of Islam and conflicting views
How did the Russian empire rise? What else expanded along with the size of their empire?
They were settled, agrarian people, who turned the tables on the Mongols and began reconquering their stolen territory. They expanded their size, and the influence of The Russian Orthodox church spread with them
What was the one main characteristic the Russians, Safavids and Ottomans had in common with their empires?
They were land based empires
What city was the Ottoman capital? What were some of its main characteristics?
Constantinople. The Sultan’s palace was in the middle, while monumental buildings expressed religion and culture. Visitors were awed by the city itself
Where did the Ottomans derive their military strength from? What ended up happening to them and what were they called?
They derived their military strength from their calvalry, especially soldiers known as ghazis, who were nomadic horseman eager to conquer Christians for Islam. As time went on the military became more advanced and professional using gunpowder so ghazis were given land grants and maintained order and taxes, and didnt fight
What were Janissaries and why were they valuable to the Ottomans?
Janissaries were slave soldiers recruited from Christian lands. They were needed to expand and perform tasks within the empire. They became valuable because they were loyal because they had nothing to lose and assumed many positions in central administration
Who was Sultan Süleyman and what did he do for the Ottomans?
He was a strong military leader who expanded the empire. He devised a system that regularized relations between the government and the very diverse population. He promoted Islam but tolerated others and centralized rule
What happened to the Iberian Jews, what language did they speak and how were they significant to the Ottomans?
They were driven out of Catholic Spain and found a safe haven in Ottoman North Africa. They were a large part intellectually and comercially of the empire
How did the Europeans, Ottomans and Safavids interact in terms of military expedition and power?
The Ottomans persistently attacked, looted and led expeditions into Europe. The Europeans became allies with the Safavids because they were mutually against the Ottomans. The Ottomans played a big role in the balance of power in Europe
Who was Evliya Çelebi? What was his talent and what dream did he have that began his adventures?
Evliya Çelebi was the son if the chief goldsmith of the sultan of the Ottoman empire. He was gifted in the art of religious citation and had a dream that Muhammad visited and told him he will be a great traveler
What were the Safavids referred to as and why? What was their motivation and which sect of Islam were they?
They were known as Kizilbash, or redheads because of the color of their turbans. They were religiously motivated and members of an unorthodox sect of Islam led by Ismail
How did Safavids treat conquered peoples in terms of religion?
The forced their religion on them
How did the Safavids ensure political and religious loyalty of their subjects? What was one exception to this rule?
They decreed that the names of Sunni caliphs and the first successors to the prophet should be publicly cursed unless Ottoman officials were present
Who was Shah Abbas I and what did he do for the Safavid dynasty?
He built a new, magnificent capital of Isfahan, made allies with Europeans, enhanced the economy, and influenced the construction of the Taj Mahal
Who was Ivan III and what did he do for Russia, and how did he impact Russia way past his rule?
Ivan III was a Russian ruler. He ruled from his capital at Moscow, drove the Mongols out, named himself tsar and declared Russia would defend Orthodox Christianity. His territorial strategy impacted future Russian imperial policy
Who was Ivan IV and what did he do for Russia? What name did he earn and why?
Tsar Ivan IV was the next generation Russian ruler of Ivan III. He further centralized rule and expanded the empire. He earned his named “Ivan the terrible” for his cruelty
What was valuable about the lands of Siberia to Russia?
They had a large supply of animal furs, which Russia trade on a large scale locally and long-distance
What followed the death of Ivan IV, and who/what ended that period?
A time of trouble and confusion with no clear heir to tsar. Mikhail Romanov ended this period by starting the Romanov dynasty
What did the Romanov dynasty do for Russia?
Power was further centralized and expansion continued, Russia became one of the most land-enduring empires of all time
