Unit 5 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of the Scientific Revolution?
It was a “new science” with emphasis on rational inquiry. Science was being approached from an intellectual standpoint and not what standpoint the authories told people to take. Science was applied to inventions and nature, it became revolutionary
What was the foundation of new science?
Rational inquiry
Who was Captain Cook? Where did his fame come from?
James cook was the captain of a British voyage to the Pacific and greatly expanding their knowledge of the area. He was regarded as a national hero
Who was Isaac Newton? What were his contributions to science?
Isaac Newton was a British politican, essayist and philosopher. He did more than anyone else to create a systematic new architecture for science during the Scientific revolution
How was the Scientific Revolution and economy linked together?
It had real world applications to economics such as new inventions to invest in or sell
How did supporters of the Scientific Revolution and scientists view religion?
Science didn’t totally disagree with religion but it challenged some aspects of it that changed them in some people’s eyes and created tension
What was the agricultural revolution? Where did it take place? How were peasants treated during this era?
A revolution in agriculture and how it was done. Huge advancements in agricultural producitvity were made. Thhe revolution also created inequality and peasants lost their land and had to live with farm owners and work more to make more effiecient farms. It took place throughout Europe
Who was Thomas Hobbes? What were his views?
An English philosopher who rejected the divine right of kings and believed social order could only be maintained through absolute monarchy
Who was John Locke? What were his views?
An English philosopher and medical doctor who argued that political order was derived from a contract where individuals recieved protection of their basic rights.
Who was Montesquieu? What were his views?
A French thinker who argued for limitations of power in the government and distribution of power among different social classes and that the more societies advanced, the more liberal they would become
Describe Adam Smith’s theory on economic productivity
Economic productivity is based on division of labor. If an individual performed all the processes necessary to make a pin would be pressed to make one a day, but if the processes were subdivided among individuals specializing in certain areas would be more efficient
What country was the most important to the spread of the enlightenment? What city was at the center?
Paris, France
What was the role of women during the enlightenment?
They often hosted meetings in salons where ideas were shared. They also protested about exclusion from full intellectual life. They started becoming more brave, assertive and prominent.
Which French social class did the Enlightenment have the greatest impact on?
The bourgeoisie, or middle class
Describe the natives of Australia
They kept their distance from foreigners and sometimes attacked them. They were hunter-gatherers with vast knowledge of their environment and complex religious and artistic traditions. They had no social stratification or immunity to Afro-Eurasian diseases
Who was Simon Bolivar? What European Revolution inspired his desire to liberate South America?
A South American inspired by the French Revolution. He became an important military leader for South American independence
Where was Simon Bolivar from?
Venezuela
When did Bolivar drive the Spanish out of Peru?
1824
How did the Enlightenment influence Latin American and Carribean revolutionaries?
It inspired them to rebel, reform and change the way they think
What role did native Americans(Indians) play in the French and Indian War?
The assissted the French and had uprisings after the French were defeated
What Enlightenment values did the American Consititution noy fully achieve?
Slavery and inequality
What Enlightenment thinker’s ideas were written into the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
Which treaty officially gave American colonies independence from England? What year?
Declaration of independence, 1776
What were the philosophes? How did they impact the French revolution?
They were the thinkers and esrly philosophers of the early French revolution who created and generated new ideas
What military leader took power during the final stages of the French revolution?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Describe the estates general. Was it fair and equal? How was it divided?
A meeting with an equal number of representatives from each French estate. It was not fair because the vast majority of people were in one estate, but did not get proportional representation
