Unit 6 Test Flashcards
Muckraking
Journalism exposing economic, social, and political evils, so named by Theodore Roosevelt for its “raking the muck” of American society
Prohibition
A ban on the production, transportation, and sale of liquor, achieved temporarily through state laws and the Eighteenth Amendment
Initiative
Procedure by which citizens can introduce a subject for legislation, usually through a petition signed by a specific number of voters
Recall
The process of removing an official from office by popular vote, usually after using petitions to call for such a vote.
Referendum
Submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct popular vote for approval or rejection
16th amendment
Constitutional revision in 1913 that authorized a federal income tax.
17th amendment
Constitutional change in 1913 that established the direct popular election of U.S. senators
18th amendment
Constitutional revision, adopted in 1919, that prohibited the production and sale of alcohol in the United States
19th amendment
Constitutional revision, that in 1920 established women citizen’s right to vote
Yellow Press
A deliberately sensational journalism of scandal and exposure designed to attract an urban mass audience and increase advertising revenues.
Spheres of influence
Regions dominated and controlled by an outside power
Platt Amendment
A stipulation to the United States has inserted into the Cuban constitution in 1901 restricting Cuban autonomy and authorizing U.S. intervention and naval bases.
Espionage Act
Law whose vague prohibition against obstructing the nation’s war effort was used to crush dissent and criticism during World War I.
Sedition Act of 1918
Broad law restricting criticism of America’s involvement in World War I or the American government, flag, military, taxes, or officials
Selective Service Act of 1917
The law establishing the military draft for World War I.
Bolshevik
Member of the Communist movement in Russia that established the Soviet government after the 1917 Russian Revolution
Red Scare
Post- World War I anti-Bolshevik hysteria in the United States directed against labor activists, radical dissenters, and some ethnic groups.
Oligopoly
An industry, such as steel making or automobile manufacturing, that is controlled by a few large companies
Open Shop
Factory or business employing workers whether or not they are union members; in practice, such a business usually refuses to hire union members and follows anti union policies.
Yellow-dog contracts
Employment agreements binding workers not to join a union
Welfare capitalism
A paternalistic system of labor relations emphasizing management responsibility for employee well-being
Great Migration
The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North, spurred especially by new job opportunities during World War I and the 1920’s
Harlem Renaissance
A new African American cultural awareness that flourished in literature, art, and music in the 1920s.
National Origins Act of 1924
Law sharply restricting immigration on the basis of immigrants; national origins and discriminating against southern and eastern Europeans and Asians
Volstead Act
The 1920 law defining the liquor forbidden under the 18th Amendment and giving enforcement responsibilities to the Prohibition Bureau of the Department of the Treasury
Multinational Corporations
Firms with direct investments, branches, factories, and offices in a number of countries
In the early twentieth century, about how many workers were injured at work each year?
Half a million
What type of people established and staffed settlement houses?
Middle class young women because most careers were closed for them.
What ideas/beliefs drove the “progressive movement”?
Promote greater democracy and responsibility, improve the efficiency of government, eliminate corruption, or increase their own influence.
What were some of the rationales for imperialism in the era 1890-1910?
Racism and Social Darwinism, Righteousness, Mahanism, and Economics
Which many social issues were generally ignored by progressive reformers?
Social Control, Racism, Prohibition, immigration
What social changes during the progressive ear enabled women to demand equal rights?
The growing importance of women in the work force; the growth of women’s clubs/ the creation of other organizations
What was the primary goal of the American government;s imperialistic policies?
To expand American ideals and institutions into East Asia and Latin America
What was the effect of the Platt Amendment?
Restricted Cuban autonomy and granted U.S. the authority to intervene and house naval bases
Self-determination
The right of a people or nation to decide its own political allegiance or form of government without external influence
What caused the East St. Louis Riot/Massacre?
Fearful and resentful whites causing race riots
The Treaty of Versailles placed sole responsibility for the start of World War I on who?
Germany
What happened when “real wages” failed to keep pace in the period from 1923-1927?
Consumers began to rely more heavily on installment plans
What improper government conduct was revealed in the Teapot Dome scandal?
Albert Fall was convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies, Fall became the first presidential cabinet member to go to prison
Why did blacks migrate to the urban North from the South?
To escape racial violence, pursue economic and educational opportunities, and obtain freedom from the oppression of Jim Crow
How did the experience of World War I affect life in the 1920s?
The US went from a debtor to a creditor nation, jazz, movies, radio and professional sports became popular, society was divided over issues such as alcohol use
Where did the United States exert the most international influence in the 1920s?
Latin America
How were the Republicans perceived, in light of the war in Europe, and how did it help Wilson in the Election of 1916?
The republicans were perceived as the war party. It helped Wilson because the people were against the war.
What was one important effect of the collective importance of wartime agencies?
It set a valuable precedent for government activism in the economy
What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points and what issue did they focus on?
The League of Nations and America’s War objectives- creating new nations, shifting old borders, or ensuring self determination for people previously subjected to a European empire.
How did the war improve labor relations?
War contracts ensured fair working conditions and wages.
William McKinley
Republican 1897-1901
Theodore Roosevelt
Republican 1901-1909
William Taft
Republican 1909-1913
Woodrow Wilson
Democrat 1913-1921
Warren Harding
Republican 1921-1923
Calvin Coolidge
Republican 1923-1929
Herbert Hoover
Republican 1929-1933
