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lc > Unit 5 Test > Flashcards

Unit 5 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Wounded Knee Massacre

A

represented the end of Indian suppression in westward expansion (1890)

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2
Q

Battle of Little Bighorn

A

Disaster for army, sealed fate for the Indians. Death of Custer + Soldiers = hardened national mood. Greatest native american victory of Plains Wars. (1876)

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3
Q

“Last arrow” pageants-

A

Government ordered Indians to attend a large assembly on the reservation. Each Indian exited their teepee and what an arrow. Indian then retreated to the teepee and came out wearing “civilized” clothing, symbolizing the crossing ‘savage’ to ‘civilized’

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4
Q

The great Railroad Strike

A

Illustrated relationship between Americans and nation’s economy, rise of business, emergence of a national and global economy, and the changing nature of work fundamentally altered the way Americans earned a living. Impacts of industrialization led to experiments

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5
Q

Second Industrial Revolution

A

emerged in Germany and the U.S. during 1870’s. Economic transformation shared common features, a growing population, the development of new inventions, railroad expansion, etc.

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6
Q

Department stores

A

Mass marketing of goods, permitted by technological innovations and revolution in transportation. Ex. Macy’s turned shopping into an adventure, not just a convinience.

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7
Q

Chain stores

A

retail stores that are more specialized

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8
Q

Mail order business

A

established by Aaron Montgomery 1872 amazon through catalogs

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9
Q

Vertical integration

A

controlling all steps to producing you products

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10
Q

Horizontal integration

A

own all businesses, control prices, profits buy all smaller

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11
Q

Laissez-faire

A

let things take their own course, no inter-companies. No government control

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12
Q

Wage slavery

A

wages so low people couldn’t afford to leave

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13
Q

Thomas Edison

A

His “Menlo Park”marked the transition from individual experimenters to systematic research and development and serial inventions. His most famous and important invention was the incandescent light bulb. This was made commercially viable through the alternating current of George Westinghouse and Nikola Tesla

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14
Q

William Stanley

A

an independent inventor famous for an induction coil, which is a transmitter for alternating current.

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15
Q

Jay Gould

A

a famous Robber Baron that exploited the weaknesses of competitors in the wake of financial panics.

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16
Q

Nikola Tesla

A

a Croatian immigrant that discovered a way to convert alternating current into power that could drive machines together. Worked with Charles Brush to enable factories to use electrical powers.

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17
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

modeled industrial concentration and vertical integration in the steel industry.

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18
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

built a virtual monopoly in oil by winning price wars through low wages and railroad rebates.

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19
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

Republican (1861-1865)

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20
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

National Union (1865-1869)

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21
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Republican (1869-1877)

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22
Q

Rutherford B. Hayes

A

Republican (1877-1881)

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23
Q

James A. Garfield

A

Republican (1881)

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24
Q

Chester A. Arthur

A

Republican (1881-1885)

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25
Q

Grover Cleveland

A

Democrat (1885-1889 / 1893-1897)

26
Q

Benjamin Harrison

A

Republican (1889-1893)

27
Q

William Mckinley

A

Republican (1897-1901)

28
Q

Why did railroad companies encourage migration in the American West in the late nineteenth century?

A

It provided new economic opportunities, developed new towns and communities, and tied the east and west together.

29
Q

Why did the Central Pacific Railroad hire a predominantly Chinese labor force for the construction of the transpacific railroad?

A

Because they were facing a labor shortage, and the Chinese had no other choice but to work cheaply.

30
Q

What was the significance of the refrigerated train car

A

Allowed for transcontinental trade of perishable items like food

31
Q

Which industries depended heavily on railroads in 1882?

A

Timber, coal, and steel

32
Q

How did the Panic of 1873 benefit the “robber baron” Jay Gould?

A

It lowered the stock of many different railroad companies which Jay then bought and created an “almost” monopoly

33
Q

When Rockefeller’s Standard Oil made the very barrels in which the oil was shipped, this was an example of what business practice?

A

Vertical integration

34
Q

Why did manufacturing businesses in the late 19th century have an interest in hiring workers from ethnic origins?

A

Because they were cheap laborers.

35
Q

What were important factors driving immigration to the United States in the late 19th century?

A

Economic, political, social, and demographic factors drew immigrants. Industrial capitalism and the thought of the American dream also drew them

36
Q

Which major city was the first city to construct a subway system?

A

Boston

37
Q

Who was the publisher of the New York World in the 1880’s?

A

Joseph Pulitzer

38
Q

What political system rewarded supporters and contributors to election with government jobs?

A

Spoil system

39
Q

Why did Congress pass the Pendleton Civil Act in January 1883?

A

To stop the Spoil system from happening

40
Q

What was the Gilded Age?

A

The era of poverty and inequality. Ex- Rockefeller and Gould

41
Q

What was the Homestead Strike?

A

Industrial lockout that culminated in a battle that strikers defeated private security agents.

42
Q

Greenback Party

A

organized in 1876 to campaign for expansion of the supply of a national paper money (Anti Monopoly)

42
Q

Populist party

A

Known as “the people’s party, opened its convention on July 4th, 1892. It was a religious revival. The populists presented a long list of reforms, including that popular election of senators, a graduated income tax, antitrust legislation, and public ownership of railroad

43
Q

Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)

A

Provided that federal government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that the government employees be selected through competitive exams

44
Q

Civil Service Commission

A

Created from the Pendleton Civil Service Act. It was to administer competitive examinations to applicants for government jobs.

45
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

A

Required the U.S. Treasury to buy 4.5 million ounces of silver bouillon each month. Results were that it diminished gold reserves.

46
Q

Knights of Labor

A

The first major labor organization in the US. (1869). Open to all workers, declined after 1886. Disapproved strikes, supported many labor reforms, including cooperatives, favored broad political involvement.

47
Q

Urban Political machine

A

The relative insignificance of mayors that created a political vacuum into which urban machines grew in political power. Immigrant residents benefited when the establishment ignored them.

48
Q

Grand Army of the Republic

A

an illustration of the power of war memories and the importance of veterans pensions.

49
Q

Machine bosses

A

Served an important function in urban life. The machine provided urban residents with jobs, legal assistance, food, and welfare. In return, the expected and usually received the votes of those benefiting from their efforts.

50
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

Founded in 1886, open only to craft workers and organized by craft. Hostile to blacks and women. became major US labor organization after 1880s. Opposed political involvement, supported some labor reforms, approved of strikes.

51
Q

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

A

Founded in 1874, advocated for temperance (abstinence from drinking alcohol) as a way to make home life safer for women and children

52
Q

Why did the Indian Resistance in the American West beyond the Mississippi fail in the latter 19th century?

A

The army had many technological advances over the Native Americans, the soldiers were better armed, and the army purposefully destroyed natural resources and exploited tribal rivalries.

53
Q

Anti-Saloon league

A

Formed in 1895, wanted public anti-alcohol sentiment, enforcement of existing temperance law (DID NOT LIKE ALCOHOL)

54
Q

Why did the Department of Indian Affairs decide to divide Indian lands into small tribal territories, or reservations, in 1851?

A

They needed to clear room for railroads, wanted to avoid conflict

55
Q

Why did immigrant groups rely on migratory chains in the late 19th century?

A

They needed to be able to rely on friends and family as a support network to help them get established in America.

56
Q

Order of States Established AFTER the Civil War

A

1 Nebraska
2 Colorado
3 North Dakota
4 South Dakota
5 Montana
6 Washington
7 Idaho
8 Wyoming

57
Q

Pacific Railroad Act Passed; Homestead Act passed

A

1862

58
Q

Transcontinental Railroad completed

A

1869

59
Q

Red River War

A

1874

60
Q

Congress prohibits Chinese Immigration

A

1882

61
Q

George Westinghouse

A

developed the first alternating current system to allow transmission of electricity over longer distances. (1886)

lc (9 decks)

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