Unit 6 Terms Flashcards
Population growth
The increase in the number of humans in a particular place
Migration
The movement of people from one place to another
Economic development
Progress and development made to a countries economy
Urbanization
A country’s population shifts from being primarily rural to primarily urban
Suburbanization
The process by which people move from urban areas to outskirts/suburbs
Mega cities
A city that has a very large and growing population of over 10 million people
Metacities
Urban areas with over 20 million people
Periphery
the outer, less developed regions of a country or global system, typically characterized by low levels of economic development, reliance on primary resource extraction, and a subordinate relationship to the more powerful “core” regions
Semi periphery
countries that fall between the “core” and “periphery” in the world-systems theory
Sprawl
Uncoordinated growth without concern of consequence or the expansion of cities and urban areas into surrounding rural or undeveloped land
Decentralization
The tendency of people or businesses and industries to locate outside the central city
Edge cities
Notes of economic activity developed in the periphery of large cities
Green Revolution
Development during around the 1950s of higher yield and fast growing crops through increased technology, pesticides, and fertilizers
Exurbs
Prosperous residential districts, beyond the suburbs that are the outcome of counter urbanization
Boom burbs
Large rapidly growing incorporated communities of more than 100,000 residents that are not the biggest city in the region. Usually developed along a highway interchange
Urban hierarchy
the ranking of cities based on their size, population, and economic importance
Rank size rule
Rank of a city with an urban system predicts the size of the city. N – TH largest city in a region with the 1/N this size of the largest city.
Primate city
When the largest city in an urban system is more than twice as large as the next largest city
Gravity model
Interaction between two places depends on two things: distance between places and population of the two places
Christaller’s Central Place Theory
Developed to explain distribution of cities of different sizes across a region. Big city in the center less of the big cities and also smaller cities that are sort of like around.
Burgess Concentric-Zone Model
Describes urban land use in a city as organized in concentric cities radiating out from the center
Hoyt Sector Model
Different types of land use in housing grow outward from the central business district in wedge is called sectors. These sectors are central business district (CBD) , industrial corridor, lower income, housing, middle income, housing, and upper income housing
City’s Culture Infilling
Process where urban development fills up the vacant or unused land in urban areas
Low medium high density housing
Density of dwelling per unit area of property
Spatial patterns of economic and social development
Refers to how economic and social activities are distributed across space and how they vary across different region, cities or countries
Mixed land use
Combines residential, commercial, cultural, or institutional functions into a building block or neighborhood
Walk ability
The measure of how friendly an area is to walking
Smart growth policies
Urban planning strategies that try to create sustainable communities by promoting efficient land use
New urbanism
Urban design movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods
What is a Greenbelt?
An area designated around an urban area to minimize urban sprawl and protect natural habitats.
What are Slow-growth Cities?
Urban areas that prioritize sustainable, people-centered development over fast-paced development.
What is Possible de facto Segregation?
Separation of groups without legal enforcement resulting from economic, social, or cultural factors instead of laws.
What does Quantitative mean?
Numerical data that can be measured and analyzed statistically.
What does Qualitative refer to?
A method that focuses on understanding the meaning and experience of individuals and groups through non-numerical data.
What is Population Composition?
What characteristics the population is made up of.
What is a Census?
Taking a count of the amount of people at a specific time.
What is Redlining?
Withholding or reducing loans based on ethnicity or race.
What is Blockbusting?
A real estate practice where agents induce panic selling in a neighborhood saying ethnic minorities are moving in so that the homeowners will sell for a lower rate.
What is the Growth of Disamenity Zones?
Areas in the urban setting that experience a decline in economic and social factors, like high poverty and crime.
What are Zones of Abandonment?
Where areas and buildings have deteriorated to a point of uninhabitability.
What are Squatter Settlements?
Densely populated areas where people have settled without owning or legal rights to, because of the lack of housing.
What is Gentrification?
the process by which an urban or suburban neighborhood transitions from housing people of mostly low-income status to housing middle class families.
What is Inclusionary Zoning?
Making sure that new neighborhoods have affordable housing units.
What is Urban Renewal?
Redeveloping urban areas that are underdeveloped.
What is Suburban Sprawl?
Rapid expansion of residential areas into previously undeveloped land surrounding urban centers.
What does Sanitation refer to?
The provision of services related to the safe disposal of human waste and the maintenance of clean environments to protect public health.
What is Climate Change?
Lasting changes in the Earth’s climate due to human activity.
What is Air & Water quality?
The quality of the Air and Water.
What is the Ecological Footprint of Cities?
The environmental impact that cities have due to their resource consumption.
What are Farmland Protection Policies?
Used to stop urban sprawl in agricultural land.
What are Regional Planning Efforts?
Coordinated management and development in multiple areas or cities in a certain region.
