Unit 2 Terms Flashcards
Population
a subgroup of individuals within the same species that are living and breeding within a geographic area
Population Distribution
population distribution is the pattern of where the people live
Arithmetic Method
Arithmetic population density is a calculation of the total number of people divided by the total area of a place
Physical Factors
Physical factors are the abiotic factors on Earth, while human factors are the population numbers and the activities of humans
Human Factors
the population numbers and the activities of humans.
Carrying Capacity
the number of people a place such as a town, city, country, or the world can support
Population Density
the number of persons per unit of land area.
Population Composition
Population composition refers to the various characteristics that make a population. Age, sex, and ethnicity are the three major elements of population composition.
Age Structure
The composition of a population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different ages
Sex ratio
the number of males per one hundred females in the population. the number of females per 1000 males in a given population.
Population pyramids
compare differences between male and female populations of an area
Goods and services
GOODS—items to be sold SERVICES—helping or doing work for someone.
Population dynamics
a field that tracks factors related to changes in population such as fertility rate and life expectancy
Mortality
the study of death rates or the actual ability of an individual to die
Fertility
The total fertility rate is the average number of children born to each woman in a given region during the course of her lifetime
Physiological Method
devoted to the development and dissemination of methods for collecting, analyzing, understanding, and interpreting psychological data.
Agricultural Method
Practices and techniques employed in agriculture to improve yields and productivity
Migration
The movement of groups and individuals from one place to another, involving a change of usual residence
Demographic
Demographics are statistics that describe populations and their characteristics.
Rate of natural increase
the difference between birth and death rates
Population doubling time
The “doubling time” refers to the amount of time it takes for the population of a region to double.
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
a tool demographers use to categorize countries’ population growth rates and economic structures.
Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)
describes changes over time in populations’ health and disease patterns as they industrialize or modernize.
Population Policies
determined by the government of a country and aims to influence the country’s population by either increasing or decreasing it
Pronatalist
policies which are designed with the purpose of increasing the birth rate/fertility rate of an area
Antinatalist
a protocol that aims to reduce the total birth rate, in order to slow the population growth
Immigration
process through which individuals become permanent residents or citizens of another country
Birth Rate
measures the rate of live births in a country’s population every year
Death Rate
the ratio between deaths and individuals in a specified population during a particular time period
Life Expectancy
the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constan
Dependency ratio
a demographic measure of the ratio of the number of dependents to the total working-age population in a country or region
Push/Pull Factors
push factors are those that encourage a population to leave its home, pull factors are those that draw a population to another area or place.
Under population
when a country’s population is fewer than required for development.
Forced Migration
the phenomenon of people being compelled to leave their homes due to factors such as violent conflict, infrastructure projects, natural disasters, or the effects of climate change
Voluntary Migration
occurs when someone chooses to leave home
Thomas Malthus
Thomas Malthus was an English economist and demographer best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without strict limits on reproduction.
Refugees
people who must leave their home area for their own safety or survival
Internally displaced persons
persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or …
Asylum Seekers
A person seeking asylum is forced to flee their country to another because of fear of persecution or for their safety at home.
Transnational Migration
a process of movement and settlement across international borders in which individuals maintain or build multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while at the same time settling in a new country
Transhumance Migration
the seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures
Internal vs External migration
internal migration: moving within a state, country, or continent. external migration: moving to a different state, country, or continent
Chain Migration
the process by which multiple members of the same group move sequentially to the same place.
Step Migration
When a migrant follows a path of a series of stages, or steps toward a final destination
Guest Worker Migration
Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs
Rural to Urban Migration
when people move, either temporarily or permanently, from a rural area to an urban city
