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AP HUG Summer Work > Unit 2 Terms > Flashcards

Unit 2 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Population

A

a subgroup of individuals within the same species that are living and breeding within a geographic area

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2
Q

Population Distribution

A

population distribution is the pattern of where the people live

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3
Q

Arithmetic Method

A

Arithmetic population density is a calculation of the total number of people divided by the total area of a place

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4
Q

Physical Factors

A

Physical factors are the abiotic factors on Earth, while human factors are the population numbers and the activities of humans

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5
Q

Human Factors

A

the population numbers and the activities of humans.

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6
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

the number of people a place such as a town, city, country, or the world can support

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7
Q

Population Density

A

the number of persons per unit of land area.

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8
Q

Population Composition

A

Population composition refers to the various characteristics that make a population. Age, sex, and ethnicity are the three major elements of population composition.

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9
Q

Age Structure

A

The composition of a population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different ages

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10
Q

Sex ratio

A

the number of males per one hundred females in the population. the number of females per 1000 males in a given population.

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11
Q

Population pyramids

A

compare differences between male and female populations of an area

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12
Q

Goods and services

A

GOODS—items to be sold SERVICES—helping or doing work for someone.

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13
Q

Population dynamics

A

a field that tracks factors related to changes in population such as fertility rate and life expectancy

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14
Q

Mortality

A

the study of death rates or the actual ability of an individual to die

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15
Q

Fertility

A

The total fertility rate is the average number of children born to each woman in a given region during the course of her lifetime

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16
Q

Physiological Method

A

devoted to the development and dissemination of methods for collecting, analyzing, understanding, and interpreting psychological data.

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17
Q

Agricultural Method

A

Practices and techniques employed in agriculture to improve yields and productivity

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18
Q

Migration

A

The movement of groups and individuals from one place to another, involving a change of usual residence

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19
Q

Demographic

A

Demographics are statistics that describe populations and their characteristics.

20
Q

Rate of natural increase

A

the difference between birth and death rates

21
Q

Population doubling time

A

The “doubling time” refers to the amount of time it takes for the population of a region to double.

22
Q

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A

a tool demographers use to categorize countries’ population growth rates and economic structures.

23
Q

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

A

describes changes over time in populations’ health and disease patterns as they industrialize or modernize.

24
Q

Population Policies

A

determined by the government of a country and aims to influence the country’s population by either increasing or decreasing it

25
Q

Pronatalist

A

policies which are designed with the purpose of increasing the birth rate/fertility rate of an area

26
Q

Antinatalist

A

a protocol that aims to reduce the total birth rate, in order to slow the population growth

27
Q

Immigration

A

process through which individuals become permanent residents or citizens of another country

28
Q

Birth Rate

A

measures the rate of live births in a country’s population every year

29
Q

Death Rate

A

the ratio between deaths and individuals in a specified population during a particular time period

30
Q

Life Expectancy

A

the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constan

31
Q

Dependency ratio

A

a demographic measure of the ratio of the number of dependents to the total working-age population in a country or region

32
Q

Push/Pull Factors

A

push factors are those that encourage a population to leave its home, pull factors are those that draw a population to another area or place.

33
Q

Under population

A

when a country’s population is fewer than required for development.

34
Q

Forced Migration

A

the phenomenon of people being compelled to leave their homes due to factors such as violent conflict, infrastructure projects, natural disasters, or the effects of climate change

35
Q

Voluntary Migration

A

occurs when someone chooses to leave home

36
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Thomas Malthus was an English economist and demographer best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without strict limits on reproduction.

37
Q

Refugees

A

people who must leave their home area for their own safety or survival

38
Q

Internally displaced persons

A

persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or …

39
Q

Asylum Seekers

A

A person seeking asylum is forced to flee their country to another because of fear of persecution or for their safety at home.

40
Q

Transnational Migration

A

a process of movement and settlement across international borders in which individuals maintain or build multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while at the same time settling in a new country

41
Q

Transhumance Migration

A

the seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures

42
Q

Internal vs External migration

A

internal migration: moving within a state, country, or continent. external migration: moving to a different state, country, or continent

43
Q

Chain Migration

A

the process by which multiple members of the same group move sequentially to the same place.

44
Q

Step Migration

A

When a migrant follows a path of a series of stages, or steps toward a final destination

45
Q

Guest Worker Migration

A

Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs

46
Q

Rural to Urban Migration

A

when people move, either temporarily or permanently, from a rural area to an urban city

AP HUG Summer Work (4 decks)

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