Unit 5 Terms Flashcards
Intensive Farming
Agriculture with greater paid labor and less land being used
Plantation Agriculture
The production of one or more, usually cash crops, on a large area of land
Cultivation
The process of preparing and using land for the growing of crops
Rural
Areas located outside of cities, has open space and a lower population
Clustered
Close together
Dispersed
Spread apart
Linear
Building built in lines along roads, rivers, or lakes
River Valley
A valley formed by a river
Hearth
The geographical origin center
Colombian Exchange
The process of people, animals, ideas, diseases, and many other things that crossed the Atlantic to the New World
First Agricultural Revolution
The transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities
High Yield Seeds
Hybrid seed bred to produce more grain per acre
Green Revolution
A period of increased agricultural productivity that occurred around the mid-20th century
Mechanized Farming
The use of machinery and technology to enhance agricultural production, making the process easier
Monocropping
An agricultural practice where a single crop species is cultivated over a large area
Extensive Farming
Agriculture that uses fewer inputs of paid labor and a large area of land
Complex Commodity Chain
The intricate networks of production and distribution that connects raw materials to final consumer goods
Economics of Scale
The reduction in the per unit cost of production as the volume of production increases
Carrying Capacity
The number of people that can support a specific place
Von Thunen Model
A theory that predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market
Infrastructure
The basic physical and organizational structures
Global Food Distribution
The complex network of processes that determine how food is produced, transported, and consumed around the world
Desertification
The process by which previously fertile lands become deserts
Soil Salinization
The accumulation of soluble salts in soil, which can hinder plant growth and reduce agricultural productivity
Agricultural Practices
The ways crops and livestock are grown and managed on a farm or ranch
Food deserts
An area with limited access to healthy and affordable food
GMO
Genetically Modified Organism
Urban Farming
The practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas, often using small plots of land, rooftops, and community gardens
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)
A farming model where consumers buy shares of a farms harvest in advance, thus providing farmers with capital at the start of the growing season
Value Added Specialty Crops
Agricultural products that are enhanced through processing, packing, or marketing to increase their economic value beyond the raw product
Fair Trade
A concept used in developing countries to help create sustainability
Irrigation
The artificial application of water to soil or land to assist the growth of crops
Terrace Farming
A method of growing crops on sides of hills/mountains by planting on graduated terraces but on a slope
Slash-and-Burn
Slash and burn vegetation
Swidden
A patch of land cleared for planting through the slash and burn
Deforestation
The destruction of forest or forested areas by human/natural means
Agriculture
The art and science of producing food from the land and tending livestock for the purpose of human consumption
Plant/Animal Domestication
The process of adapting wild plants/animals for human use
Commercial Agriculture
The main objective is to generate profit by maximizing yield and efficiently using resources
Subsistence Agriculture
Produce food for the farmer and their family
Second Agricultural Revolution
A period of rapid growth in food production, new farming methods, and the implementation of new machinery between the mid 17th century and the early 19th century
Third agricultural revolution
A period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields
