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AP HUG Unit Terms > Unit 5 Terms > Flashcards

Unit 5 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Intensive Farming

A

Agriculture with greater paid labor and less land being used

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2
Q

Plantation Agriculture

A

The production of one or more, usually cash crops, on a large area of land

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3
Q

Cultivation

A

The process of preparing and using land for the growing of crops

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4
Q

Rural

A

Areas located outside of cities, has open space and a lower population

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5
Q

Clustered

A

Close together

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6
Q

Dispersed

A

Spread apart

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7
Q

Linear

A

Building built in lines along roads, rivers, or lakes

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8
Q

River Valley

A

A valley formed by a river

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9
Q

Hearth

A

The geographical origin center

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10
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

The process of people, animals, ideas, diseases, and many other things that crossed the Atlantic to the New World

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11
Q

First Agricultural Revolution

A

The transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities

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12
Q

High Yield Seeds

A

Hybrid seed bred to produce more grain per acre

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13
Q

Green Revolution

A

A period of increased agricultural productivity that occurred around the mid-20th century

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14
Q

Mechanized Farming

A

The use of machinery and technology to enhance agricultural production, making the process easier

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15
Q

Monocropping

A

An agricultural practice where a single crop species is cultivated over a large area

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16
Q

Extensive Farming

A

Agriculture that uses fewer inputs of paid labor and a large area of land

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17
Q

Complex Commodity Chain

A

The intricate networks of production and distribution that connects raw materials to final consumer goods

18
Q

Economics of Scale

A

The reduction in the per unit cost of production as the volume of production increases

19
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The number of people that can support a specific place

20
Q

Von Thunen Model

A

A theory that predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market

21
Q

Infrastructure

A

The basic physical and organizational structures

22
Q

Global Food Distribution

A

The complex network of processes that determine how food is produced, transported, and consumed around the world

23
Q

Desertification

A

The process by which previously fertile lands become deserts

24
Q

Soil Salinization

A

The accumulation of soluble salts in soil, which can hinder plant growth and reduce agricultural productivity

25
Q

Agricultural Practices

A

The ways crops and livestock are grown and managed on a farm or ranch

26
Q

Food deserts

A

An area with limited access to healthy and affordable food

27
Q

GMO

A

Genetically Modified Organism

28
Q

Urban Farming

A

The practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas, often using small plots of land, rooftops, and community gardens

29
Q

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)

A

A farming model where consumers buy shares of a farms harvest in advance, thus providing farmers with capital at the start of the growing season

30
Q

Value Added Specialty Crops

A

Agricultural products that are enhanced through processing, packing, or marketing to increase their economic value beyond the raw product

31
Q

Fair Trade

A

A concept used in developing countries to help create sustainability

32
Q

Irrigation

A

The artificial application of water to soil or land to assist the growth of crops

33
Q

Terrace Farming

A

A method of growing crops on sides of hills/mountains by planting on graduated terraces but on a slope

34
Q

Slash-and-Burn

A

Slash and burn vegetation

35
Q

Swidden

A

A patch of land cleared for planting through the slash and burn

36
Q

Deforestation

A

The destruction of forest or forested areas by human/natural means

37
Q

Agriculture

A

The art and science of producing food from the land and tending livestock for the purpose of human consumption

38
Q

Plant/Animal Domestication

A

The process of adapting wild plants/animals for human use

39
Q

Commercial Agriculture

A

The main objective is to generate profit by maximizing yield and efficiently using resources

40
Q

Subsistence Agriculture

A

Produce food for the farmer and their family

41
Q

Second Agricultural Revolution

A

A period of rapid growth in food production, new farming methods, and the implementation of new machinery between the mid 17th century and the early 19th century

42
Q

Third agricultural revolution

A

A period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields

AP HUG Unit Terms (6 decks)

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