Unit 6 - Social Psychology Flashcards
Social Psychologists
Study social influences that help explain behavior
Attribution theory
The theory that behavior can be explained by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency of observers to underestimate the influence of situations and overestimate the influence of personal disposition when observing
Self serving bias
The tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner
Attitudes
Feelings that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
central route persuasion
Persuasion that involves systematic and logical thinking
peripheral route persuasion
Persuasion that involves incidental cues such as attractiveness
Foot in the Door phenomenon
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
Role
A set of explanations about a social position, defining how those in the position should behave
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The theory that we act to reduce discomfort when two thoughts are inconsistent about ourselves
Conformity
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Normative Social influence
influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid dissaproval
Informational Social Influence
Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality
Social Facilitation
Stronger performances in the presence of others
Social Loafing
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort toward a goal when they’re in a group compared to when they are individually accountable
Deindividuation
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonimity
Group polarization
The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
Groupthink
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides appraisal of alternatives
Prejudice
An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and it’s members
Stereotypes
A generalized belief about a group of people
Discrimination
Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and it’s members
Ingroup
People that we share a common identity with
Outgroup
People perceived as different from ourselves
Ingroup Bias
Tendency to favor our own group over others
Scapegoat Theory
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Other-race effect
The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races
Just-world phenomenon
The tendency for people to believe that the world is just
Aggression
Any verbal/physical behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Frustration-aggression principle
The principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression
Social script
A behavior, action, or consequence that is expected in a situation or environment
Mere Exposure Effect
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
Passionate love
An aroused state of intense positive adsorption of someone else, kind of like infatuation
Companionate Love
A deep, affectionate, long lasting love
Equity
A condition where people in a relationship receive as much as they put in
Self disclosure
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Bystander effect
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to help if other bystanders are present - “diffusion of responsibility”
Social Exchange Theory
The theory that social behavior is an exchange process
Reciprocity norm
An expectation that people will help those who have helped them
Social-responsibility norm
An expectation that people will help those dependent on them
Conflict
A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
Social traps
A situation in which the conflicting parties, by pursuing self interests, become caught in a mutually destructive behavior
Mirror image perceptions
Mutual views often held by conflicting people (I am good, they are very extremely completely absolutely undoubtedly one hundred percent totally bad in every way conceivable)
GRIT strategy
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-reduction
!announce recognition of mutual interests, propose conciliatory act, reciprocation, profit
