Unit 6 - Kidney/Urinary

Question 1

In males, both the urinary system and the _______ use the urethra.

Answer 1

Reproductive system

Question 2

This is a test to measure kidney function

Answer 2

Plasma creatinine

Question 3

Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys?

Answer 3

Interlobar arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins

Question 4

This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.

Answer 4

Myogenic mechanism

Question 5

Water accounts for which percentage of the total volume of urine?

Answer 5

95%

Question 6

An increases in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease, injury, or irritation of kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins, ether, or heavy metals indicates which condition?

Answer 6

Albuminuria

Question 7

An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine called

Answer 7

Urinalysis

Question 8

Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a(n)_________ of blood _________?

Answer 8

Increase, sodium

Question 9

This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers

Answer 9

Lamina propria

Question 10

What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?

Answer 10

2L/day

Question 11

This is the formation of a new glucose molecule

Answer 11

Gluconeogenesis

Question 12

Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n) ______ of blood ________?

Answer 12

Decrease, pH

Question 13

This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix

Answer 13

Basal lamina

Question 14

Shock wave lithotripsy is often used to treat which condition ?

Answer 14

Renal calculi

Question 15

This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate.

Answer 15

Reabsorption

Question 16

This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.

Answer 16

Secretion

Question 17

Which is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

Answer 17

4.6-8.0

Question 18

Anorexia, starvation, or a diet too low in carbohydrates indicates which condition?

Answer 18

Ketonuria

Question 19

Excessive urine concentration of a normal breakdown product of hemoglobin, caused by pernicious anemia, infectious hepatitis, jaundice or cirrhosis, indicates which condition ?

Answer 19

Urobilinogenuria

Question 20

What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in humans ?

Answer 20

1.001-1.035

Question 21

Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause

Answer 21

Blood pH to drop

Question 22

80% of the extracellular fluid is

Answer 22

Interstitial fluid

Question 23

Which of the following is the most abundant material in the body?

Answer 23

Calcium

Question 24

In partial compensation

Answer 24

Systemic arterial blood is still lower than 7.35

Question 25

What part of the brain is considered to be the thirst center?

Answer 25

Hypothalamus

Question 26

Metabolic reactions can produce

Answer 26

Nonvolatile acids

Question 27

The breathing rate of an infant

Answer 27

Causes greater water loss from the lungs

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that maintains pH of body fluids?

Answer 28

Buffer systems, proteins, phosphates, carbonic acid-bicarbonate (ALL ARE CORRECT)

Question 29

In intracellular fluid, the most abundant anion is

Answer 29

HPO42-

Question 30

Which cells of the kidney are the most important for regulation of pH of body fluids?

Answer 30

Intercalated cells

Question 31

Which of the following is the most plentiful buffer in the tubular fluid of the kidney collecting duct?

Answer 31

Mono hydrogen phosphate ion

Question 32

Which of the following occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases?

Answer 32

Chloride shift

Question 33

Which of the following occurs when water loss is greater than water gain?

Answer 33

Dehydration

Question 34

In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is

Answer 34

Cl-

Question 35

Which of the following makes up the largest single component of the human body ?

Answer 35

Water

Question 36

Which of the following is the main factor that determines body fluid volume ?

Answer 36

Urinary salt loss

Question 37

In extracellular fluid, the most abundant cation is

Answer 37

Na+

Question 38

Water intoxication results from

Answer 38

Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids

Question 39

In intracellular fluid the most abundant cation is

Answer 39

K+