Unit 6 - Kidney/Urinary Flashcards
In males, both the urinary system and the _______ use the urethra.
Reproductive system
This is a test to measure kidney function
Plasma creatinine
Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys?
Interlobar arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins
This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.
Myogenic mechanism
Water accounts for which percentage of the total volume of urine?
95%
An increases in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease, injury, or irritation of kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins, ether, or heavy metals indicates which condition?
Albuminuria
An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine called
Urinalysis
Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a(n)_________ of blood _________?
Increase, sodium
This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers
Lamina propria
What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?
2L/day
This is the formation of a new glucose molecule
Gluconeogenesis
Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n) ______ of blood ________?
Decrease, pH
This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix
Basal lamina
Shock wave lithotripsy is often used to treat which condition ?
Renal calculi
This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate.
Reabsorption
This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.
Secretion
Which is the normal pH range of urine in humans?
4.6-8.0
Anorexia, starvation, or a diet too low in carbohydrates indicates which condition?
Ketonuria
Excessive urine concentration of a normal breakdown product of hemoglobin, caused by pernicious anemia, infectious hepatitis, jaundice or cirrhosis, indicates which condition ?
Urobilinogenuria
What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in humans ?
1.001-1.035
Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause
Blood pH to drop
80% of the extracellular fluid is
Interstitial fluid
Which of the following is the most abundant material in the body?
Calcium
In partial compensation
Systemic arterial blood is still lower than 7.35
What part of the brain is considered to be the thirst center?
Hypothalamus
Metabolic reactions can produce
Nonvolatile acids
The breathing rate of an infant
Causes greater water loss from the lungs
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that maintains pH of body fluids?
Buffer systems, proteins, phosphates, carbonic acid-bicarbonate (ALL ARE CORRECT)
In intracellular fluid, the most abundant anion is
HPO42-
Which cells of the kidney are the most important for regulation of pH of body fluids?
Intercalated cells
Which of the following is the most plentiful buffer in the tubular fluid of the kidney collecting duct?
Mono hydrogen phosphate ion
Which of the following occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases?
Chloride shift
Which of the following occurs when water loss is greater than water gain?
Dehydration
In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is
Cl-
Which of the following makes up the largest single component of the human body ?
Water
Which of the following is the main factor that determines body fluid volume ?
Urinary salt loss
In extracellular fluid, the most abundant cation is
Na+
Water intoxication results from
Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids
In intracellular fluid the most abundant cation is
K+
