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anatomy and physiology II > Unit 6 - Kidney/Urinary > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Kidney/Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

In males, both the urinary system and the _______ use the urethra.

A

Reproductive system

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2
Q

This is a test to measure kidney function

A

Plasma creatinine

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3
Q

Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys?

A

Interlobar arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins

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4
Q

This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.

A

Myogenic mechanism

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5
Q

Water accounts for which percentage of the total volume of urine?

A

95%

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6
Q

An increases in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease, injury, or irritation of kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins, ether, or heavy metals indicates which condition?

A

Albuminuria

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7
Q

An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine called

A

Urinalysis

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8
Q

Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a(n)_________ of blood _________?

A

Increase, sodium

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9
Q

This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers

A

Lamina propria

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10
Q

What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?

A

2L/day

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11
Q

This is the formation of a new glucose molecule

A

Gluconeogenesis

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12
Q

Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n) ______ of blood ________?

A

Decrease, pH

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13
Q

This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix

A

Basal lamina

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14
Q

Shock wave lithotripsy is often used to treat which condition ?

A

Renal calculi

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15
Q

This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate.

A

Reabsorption

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16
Q

This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.

A

Secretion

17
Q

Which is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

A

4.6-8.0

18
Q

Anorexia, starvation, or a diet too low in carbohydrates indicates which condition?

A

Ketonuria

19
Q

Excessive urine concentration of a normal breakdown product of hemoglobin, caused by pernicious anemia, infectious hepatitis, jaundice or cirrhosis, indicates which condition ?

A

Urobilinogenuria

20
Q

What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in humans ?

A

1.001-1.035

21
Q

Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause

A

Blood pH to drop

22
Q

80% of the extracellular fluid is

A

Interstitial fluid

23
Q

Which of the following is the most abundant material in the body?

A

Calcium

24
Q

In partial compensation

A

Systemic arterial blood is still lower than 7.35

25
Q

What part of the brain is considered to be the thirst center?

A

Hypothalamus

26
Q

Metabolic reactions can produce

A

Nonvolatile acids

27
Q

The breathing rate of an infant

A

Causes greater water loss from the lungs

28
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that maintains pH of body fluids?

A

Buffer systems, proteins, phosphates, carbonic acid-bicarbonate (ALL ARE CORRECT)

29
Q

In intracellular fluid, the most abundant anion is

A

HPO42-

30
Q

Which cells of the kidney are the most important for regulation of pH of body fluids?

A

Intercalated cells

31
Q

Which of the following is the most plentiful buffer in the tubular fluid of the kidney collecting duct?

A

Mono hydrogen phosphate ion

32
Q

Which of the following occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases?

A

Chloride shift

33
Q

Which of the following occurs when water loss is greater than water gain?

A

Dehydration

34
Q

In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is

A

Cl-

35
Q

Which of the following makes up the largest single component of the human body ?

A

Water

36
Q

Which of the following is the main factor that determines body fluid volume ?

A

Urinary salt loss

37
Q

In extracellular fluid, the most abundant cation is

A

Na+

38
Q

Water intoxication results from

A

Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids

39
Q

In intracellular fluid the most abundant cation is

A

K+

anatomy and physiology II (12 decks)

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