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anatomy and physiology II > Unit 1 - Sensory Organs > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Sensory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

From which of the following layers of the developing embryo do the eyes develop?
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
more than one
none of these

A

ANSWER: ectoderm

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2
Q

Binocular Vision

A

gives better depth perception

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3
Q

During embryonic development, the first portion of the ear to develop is the

A

internal ear

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4
Q

The olfactory tract

A

projects directly to the primary olfactory cortex and to the limbic system and hypothalamus

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5
Q

which is the correct order in the flow of tears ?

A

lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity.

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6
Q

which structure regulates the amount of light entering the eyeball through the pupil ?

A

iris

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7
Q

which of these types of receptors listed below is primarily used for detecting light rays under bright light conditions?

A

cones

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8
Q

infection of a sebaceous ciliary gland can result in

A

a sty

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9
Q

which of the following statements accurately describes the changes in the membrane potential of a photoreceptor cell when light rays strike its photopigments ?

A

the photoreceptor cell undergoes hyperpolarization

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10
Q

which of the following nerves conducts impulses associated with the sense of gustation ?

A

vagus

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11
Q

which of the following structures carries action potentials generated by sound transduction?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

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12
Q

Adaptation of the olfactory sense to the continued presentation of an odorant

A

Occurs rapidly

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13
Q

Olfactory receptors are found

A

Only in the superior portion of the nasal cavity

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14
Q

How many days after fertilization do the ears begin to develop?

A

22

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15
Q

The axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate the

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

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16
Q

What structure vibrates back and forth when sound waves strike it?

A

Tympanic membrane

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17
Q

The vestibular nuclei of the brain stem that control equilibrium receives sensory information from all the following areas EXCEPT the

A

Nociceptors in the distal limbs

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18
Q

Which of the following are structures of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear that are involved in dynamic and static equilibrium?

A

Vestibule, saccule, cochlear duct, semicircular ducts (answer, more than one of these is correct)

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19
Q

Which of the following structures obtains otoliths (ear stones)?

A

Macula of the saccule

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20
Q

What lies between the lens and the retina?

A

Vitreous chamber

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21
Q

This is a thin mucous membrane that protects the inner aspect of the eyelids and the portion of the sclera covering the anterior surface of the eyeball.

A

Conjuctiva

22
Q

Which layer of dense connective tissue serves to protect the inner parts of the eyeball?

A

Sclera

23
Q

Nerve impulses for the sense of hearing are initiated in the spiral organ (organ of Corti) and then travel through the _____ to the _____.

A

Cochlear branch of the cranial nerve VIII; medulla oblongata

24
Q

During embryonic development, the lens of the eye develops directly from an invagination of the lens placodes called the

A

Lens vesicle

25
Q

Which of the following structures senses change in rotational acceleration of the head in order to help maintain dynamic equilibrium?

A

Semicircular canals

26
Q

The lens is made of layers of proteins called

A

Crystallins

27
Q

Which of the following molecules is capable of detecting light rays that strike the photopigments in the retina?

A

Cis-retinal

28
Q

These receptor cells provide for the sense of taste.

A

Gustatory cells

29
Q

Which of the following types of papillae do NOT contain taste buds?

A

Filiform

30
Q

The smell receptors that actually bind the odorants and begin signal transduction are located on

A

Olfactory hairs

31
Q

H which of the following is the transparent layer on the anterior of the eyeball through which the iris can be observed?

A

Cornea

32
Q

Cataracts lead to blindness due to

A

Loss of transparency of the lens.

33
Q

Presbycusis refers to age-associated

A

Progressive loss of hearing in both ears.

34
Q

During embryonic development, the middle ear develops from a structure called the first

A

Pharyngeal pouch

35
Q

Which sensory structure in the inner ear is capable of sensing rapid rotation of your head to the left?

A

Crista of a semicircular duct

36
Q

During embryonic development, the external ear develops from a structure called the first

A

Pharyngeal cleft

37
Q

Which darkly pigmented structure reduces light reflection within the eyeballs?

A

Choroid

38
Q

How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for moving each eye?

A

6

39
Q

Taste buds are found on

A

The epiglottis, the pharynx, the soft palate (all of these choices)

40
Q

How many days after fertilization do the eyes begin to develop?

A

22

41
Q

Which of the structures listed below converts vibrations in the endolymph into action potentials?

A

Organ of corti

42
Q

Which is NOT considered an accessory structure of the eye?

A

Retina

43
Q

The first step in the visual transduction process that occurs in the retina is

A

Absorption of light by photopigments

44
Q

Which of the following is the space between the upper and lower eyelids?

A

Palpebral fissure

45
Q

as sound levels increase in the spiral organ of corti,

A

Outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane

46
Q

Select the correct statement about olfaction

A

Some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain

47
Q

Dark adaptation _____.

A

Involves accumulation of rhodopsin

48
Q

Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by _______.

A

Substances in solution

49
Q

The tarsal plate of the eyelid _______.

A

Is connected to the levator palpebrae

50
Q

Select the correct statement about equilibrium.

A

Cristae respond to angular acceleration and deceleration

51
Q

Which layer of dense connective tissue serves to protect the inner parts of the eyeball?

A

Sclera

52
Q

Which of the following structures carries action potentials generated by sound transduction?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

anatomy and physiology II (12 decks)

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