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anatomy and physiology II > Unit 3 - Heart > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the foramen ovale during fetal life?

A

Allowing blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.

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2
Q

Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart?

A

Pericardial fluid

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3
Q

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the

A

Pericardium

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4
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by

A

Gap junctions

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5
Q

Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Myocardium

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6
Q

Which structure in the heart initiates action potentials that stimulate contraction of the heart at constant rate of about 100 beats per minute?

A

Sinoatrial node

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7
Q

Which of the following chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?

A

Right atrium and right ventricle

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8
Q

Which of the following selections lists conditions that would lead to increased stroke volume ?

A

Increased preload, decreased after load, increased contractility.

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9
Q

Contraction of the atria of the heart leads to blood moving directly

A

Through atrioventricular valves

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10
Q

The apex of the heart is normally pointed

A

To the left of the midline

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11
Q

Why is the myocardium of the left ventricle thicker than the myocardium of the right ventricle?

A

….

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12
Q

Which of the following EKG waves represents atrial depolarization?

A

P wave

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13
Q

Identify the pouch-like structure that increases the total filling capacity of the atrium.

A

Auricle

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14
Q

Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the _______ of the heart

A

Valves

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15
Q

In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A

A higher resting cardiac output

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16
Q

Identify the grove found on the surface of the heart and marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

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17
Q

Cardiac output is the volume of the blood ejected from the ——— ventricle into the ——— each minute

A

Left or right, aorta or pulmonary trunk

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18
Q

Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures ?

A

Aortic semilunar valve

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19
Q

The difference between a person’s maximum cardiac output and resting cardiac output is called the

A

Cardiac reserve

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20
Q

Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle ?

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

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21
Q

In comparison to skeletal muscle fibers, the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for ——— period of time.

A

A longer

22
Q

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of the heart?

A

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

23
Q

Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?

A

Mediastinum

24
Q

The second heart sound, (dupp) closely follows which of the events listed below?

A

Semilunar valves closing

25
Q

Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart?

A

Cardiac conduction system

26
Q

Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the intestines?

A

Mesenteric artery

27
Q

During embryonic development, blood cells are formed from

A

Pluripotent stem cells

28
Q

Which of the following types of tissues contains continuous capillaries ?

A

Skeletal, smooth, connective, lungs
(All of these choices)

29
Q

Which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?

A

Tunica media

30
Q

Which layer of the arterial wall is primarily composed of elastic and collagen fibers?

A

Tunica externa

31
Q

This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume

A

Hypovolemic

32
Q

Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?

A

Systemic arterioles vasodilate

33
Q

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood from the tissues back to the heart?

A

Veins

34
Q

Which of the following structures are found in veins but NOT arteries?

A

Valve

35
Q

All the veins of the systemic circulation eventually drain into the

A

Superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

36
Q

When the umbilical cord is tied after birth, the umbilical arteries close by filling in with

A

Connective tissue

37
Q

CHECK OTHER EXAM

A
38
Q

The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the

A

Right ventricle to the left atrium

39
Q

Normal blood pressure for an adult male is

A

120/80

40
Q

Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed in?

A

Stage 1 hypertension

41
Q

Which of the following vessels drains blood from the lower leg?

A

Tibial vein

42
Q

Abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus cause a large increase in the

A

Pulse pressure

43
Q

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart to other organs?

A

Arteries

44
Q

When an artery or arteriole is damaged, it’s smooth muscle layer contracts producing

A

A vascular spasm

45
Q

When chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, they stimulate all of the following changes EXCEPT

A

Decreased respiratory rate

46
Q

What do the following arteries have in common: superficial temporary artery, brachial artery, and common carotid artery ?

A

They are all common pulse points

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a contribution of the cardiovascular system to other body systems ?

A

Blood carries carbon dioxide to body tissues and removes oxygen for use by other organs

48
Q

All of the following aid in venous return of blood to the heart EXCEPT

A

Blood viscosity

49
Q

Elastic arteries function as

A

Pressure reservoirs

50
Q

In resting individuals, which vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed?

A

Veins and venules

anatomy and physiology II (12 decks)

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