Unit 3 - Heart Flashcards
What is the function of the foramen ovale during fetal life?
Allowing blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.
Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart?
Pericardial fluid
The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the
Pericardium
Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by
Gap junctions
Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?
Myocardium
Which structure in the heart initiates action potentials that stimulate contraction of the heart at constant rate of about 100 beats per minute?
Sinoatrial node
Which of the following chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?
Right atrium and right ventricle
Which of the following selections lists conditions that would lead to increased stroke volume ?
Increased preload, decreased after load, increased contractility.
Contraction of the atria of the heart leads to blood moving directly
Through atrioventricular valves
The apex of the heart is normally pointed
To the left of the midline
Why is the myocardium of the left ventricle thicker than the myocardium of the right ventricle?
….
Which of the following EKG waves represents atrial depolarization?
P wave
Identify the pouch-like structure that increases the total filling capacity of the atrium.
Auricle
Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the _______ of the heart
Valves
In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
A higher resting cardiac output
Identify the grove found on the surface of the heart and marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.
Anterior interventricular sulcus
Cardiac output is the volume of the blood ejected from the ——— ventricle into the ——— each minute
Left or right, aorta or pulmonary trunk
Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures ?
Aortic semilunar valve
The difference between a person’s maximum cardiac output and resting cardiac output is called the
Cardiac reserve
Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle ?
Pulmonary semilunar valve
In comparison to skeletal muscle fibers, the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for ——— period of time.
A longer
Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of the heart?
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?
Mediastinum
The second heart sound, (dupp) closely follows which of the events listed below?
Semilunar valves closing
Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart?
Cardiac conduction system
Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the intestines?
Mesenteric artery
During embryonic development, blood cells are formed from
Pluripotent stem cells
Which of the following types of tissues contains continuous capillaries ?
Skeletal, smooth, connective, lungs
(All of these choices)
Which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?
Tunica media
Which layer of the arterial wall is primarily composed of elastic and collagen fibers?
Tunica externa
This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume
Hypovolemic
Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?
Systemic arterioles vasodilate
Which of the following blood vessels carries blood from the tissues back to the heart?
Veins
Which of the following structures are found in veins but NOT arteries?
Valve
All the veins of the systemic circulation eventually drain into the
Superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
When the umbilical cord is tied after birth, the umbilical arteries close by filling in with
Connective tissue
CHECK OTHER EXAM
The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the
Right ventricle to the left atrium
Normal blood pressure for an adult male is
120/80
Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed in?
Stage 1 hypertension
Which of the following vessels drains blood from the lower leg?
Tibial vein
Abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus cause a large increase in the
Pulse pressure
Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart to other organs?
Arteries
When an artery or arteriole is damaged, it’s smooth muscle layer contracts producing
A vascular spasm
When chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, they stimulate all of the following changes EXCEPT
Decreased respiratory rate
What do the following arteries have in common: superficial temporary artery, brachial artery, and common carotid artery ?
They are all common pulse points
Which of the following is NOT a contribution of the cardiovascular system to other body systems ?
Blood carries carbon dioxide to body tissues and removes oxygen for use by other organs
All of the following aid in venous return of blood to the heart EXCEPT
Blood viscosity
Elastic arteries function as
Pressure reservoirs
In resting individuals, which vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed?
Veins and venules
