Unit 6 - Industry and Development Test Review Flashcards
A process of improvement in the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology
Development
An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the gender gap in the level of achievement in terms of income, education and life expectancy
Gender-related Development Index
The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country.
Gross National Income
Investment made by a foreign
company in the economy of another country.
Foreign Direct Investment
An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the level of development for a country through a combination
of income, education and life
expectancy.
Human Development Index
The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country
Purchasing power parity
The portion of the economy
concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth, generally through agriculture
Primary sector
The portion of the economy
concerned the manufacturing useful products the processing,
transforming, and assembling raw materials.
Secondary sector
The portion of the economy
concerned with transportation,
communication, and utilities,
sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.
Tertiary sector
A location where transfer is
possible from one mode of
transportation to another
Break-of-bulk point
An industry in which the final
product weighs more or
comprises a greater volume than the inputs.
Bulk-gaining industry
An industry in which the final
product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than
the inputs.
Bulk-reducing industry
Shipment of parts and
materials to arrive at a factory
moments before they are
needed
Just-in-time delivery
A factory built by a U.S.
company in Mexico near the
U.S. border, to take advantage
of the much lower labor costs in Mexico
Maquiladora
Transfer of some types of jobs,
especially those requiring low-
paid, less-skilled workers, from
more developed to less
developed countries
New international division of
labor
A decision by a corporation to
turn over much of the
responsibility for production to
independent suppliers
Outsourcing
Adoption by companies of
flexible work rules, such as the
allocation of workers to teams
that perform a variety of tasks
Post-Fordist production
A U.S. law that prevents a union
and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment
Right-to-work law
Location factors related to the
costs of factors of production
inside a plant, such as land,
labor, and capital
Site factors
Location factors related to the
transportation of materials into
and from a factory
Situation factors
Economic activity congregating in a single location rather than being spread out
Agglomeration
Asian Tigers
Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan
A model that describes how economic, political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions, and more marginal or dependent semi-peripheral and peripheral regions.
Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory
Approach to improving economic development by building a country’s independence from foreign economies and fostering its ability to provide for its own people.
Self-sufficiently approach
The location of an industry in reference to the location of other industries that are like it.
Hotelling
Model that states that economic growth occurs when advancing from one stage to another.
Rostow’s modernization model
Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration.
least cost theory
Western Europe industrial regions
United Kingdom, Rhine-Rhur Valley, Mid-Rhine, Northern Italy
Central industrial district
St. Petersburg
Industrial district
Volga industrial
Ural industrial district
Kuznetsk industrial district
Eastern Ukraine, Silesia
Eastern Europe industrial regions
New England
Middle Atlantic
Mohawk Valley
Pittsburgh-Lake Erie
Western Great lakes
U.S. Industrial areas
The most advanced form of Quaternary activities consisting of high-level decision making for large corporations or high-level scientific research.
Quinary Sector
the knowledge-based sector including research and development, business consulting, financial services, education, public administration, and software development.
Quarternary Sector
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
infrastructure
A tax on imported goods
Tariff
