Unit 6 - Industry and Development Test Review

Question 2

A process of improvement in the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

Answer 2

Development

Question 3

An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the gender gap in the level of achievement in terms of income, education and life expectancy

Answer 3

Gender-related Development Index

Question 4

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country.

Answer 4

Gross National Income

Question 5

Investment made by a foreign
company in the economy of another country.

Answer 5

Foreign Direct Investment

Question 6

An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the level of development for a country through a combination
of income, education and life
expectancy.

Answer 6

Human Development Index

Question 7

The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country

Answer 7

Purchasing power parity

Question 8

The portion of the economy
concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth, generally through agriculture

Answer 8

Primary sector

Question 9

The portion of the economy
concerned the manufacturing useful products the processing,
transforming, and assembling raw materials.

Answer 9

Secondary sector

Question 10

The portion of the economy
concerned with transportation,
communication, and utilities,
sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.

Answer 10

Tertiary sector

Question 11

A location where transfer is
possible from one mode of
transportation to another

Answer 11

Break-of-bulk point

Question 12

An industry in which the final
product weighs more or
comprises a greater volume than the inputs.

Answer 12

Bulk-gaining industry

Question 13

An industry in which the final
product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than
the inputs.

Answer 13

Bulk-reducing industry

Question 14

Shipment of parts and
materials to arrive at a factory
moments before they are
needed

Answer 14

Just-in-time delivery

Question 15

A factory built by a U.S.
company in Mexico near the
U.S. border, to take advantage
of the much lower labor costs in Mexico

Answer 15

Maquiladora

Question 16

Transfer of some types of jobs,
especially those requiring low-
paid, less-skilled workers, from
more developed to less
developed countries

Answer 16

New international division of
labor

Question 17

A decision by a corporation to
turn over much of the
responsibility for production to
independent suppliers

Answer 17

Outsourcing

Question 18

Adoption by companies of
flexible work rules, such as the
allocation of workers to teams
that perform a variety of tasks

Answer 18

Post-Fordist production

Question 19

A U.S. law that prevents a union
and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment

Answer 19

Right-to-work law

Question 20

Location factors related to the
costs of factors of production
inside a plant, such as land,
labor, and capital

Answer 20

Site factors

Question 21

Location factors related to the
transportation of materials into
and from a factory

Answer 21

Situation factors

Question 22

Economic activity congregating in a single location rather than being spread out

Answer 22

Agglomeration

Question 23

Asian Tigers

Answer 23

Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan

Question 24

A model that describes how economic, political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions, and more marginal or dependent semi-peripheral and peripheral regions.

Answer 24

Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory

Question 25

Approach to improving economic development by building a country’s independence from foreign economies and fostering its ability to provide for its own people.

Answer 25

Self-sufficiently approach

Question 26

The location of an industry in reference to the location of other industries that are like it.

Answer 26

Hotelling

Question 27

Model that states that economic growth occurs when advancing from one stage to another.

Answer 27

Rostow’s modernization model

Question 28

Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration.

Answer 28

least cost theory

Question 29

Western Europe industrial regions

Answer 29

United Kingdom, Rhine-Rhur Valley, Mid-Rhine, Northern Italy

Question 30

Central industrial district
St. Petersburg
Industrial district
Volga industrial
Ural industrial district
Kuznetsk industrial district
Eastern Ukraine, Silesia

Answer 30

Eastern Europe industrial regions

Question 31

New England
Middle Atlantic
Mohawk Valley
Pittsburgh-Lake Erie
Western Great lakes

Answer 31

U.S. Industrial areas

Question 32

The most advanced form of Quaternary activities consisting of high-level decision making for large corporations or high-level scientific research.

Answer 32

Quinary Sector

Question 33

the knowledge-based sector including research and development, business consulting, financial services, education, public administration, and software development.

Answer 33

Quarternary Sector

Question 34

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Answer 34

infrastructure

Question 35

A tax on imported goods

Answer 35

Tariff