Unit 5 - Agriculture Vocab

Question 1

Commercial agriculture
characterized by the integration
of different steps in the food-
processing industry, usually
through ownership by large
corporations

Answer 1

Agribusiness

Question 2

The deliberate effort to modify
a portion of the Earth’s surface
through the cultivation of crops
and the raising of livestock for
sustenance or economic gain

Answer 2

Agriculture

Question 3

The cultivation of seafood
under controlled conditions

Answer 3

Aquaculture (aquafarming)

Question 4

Agriculture undertaken
primarily to generate products
for sale off the farm

Answer 4

Commercial agricultural

Question 5

Any plant gathered from a field
as a harvest during a particular
season

Answer 5

Crop

Question 6

The practice of rotating use of
different fields from crop to
crop each year to avoid
exhausting the soil

Answer 6

Crop rotation

Question 7

Degradation of land, especially
in semiarid areas, primarily
because of human actions such
as excessive crop planting,
animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semi arid land degradation

Answer 7

Desertification

Question 8

The amount of food that an
individual consumes, measured
in calories

Answer 8

Dietary energy consumption

Question 9

Harvesting twice a year from
the same field

Answer 9

Double cropping

Question 10

Physical, social, and economic
access at all times to safe and
nutritious food sufficient to
meet dietary needs and food
preferences for an active
healthy life.

Answer 10

Food security

Question 11

A living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology

Answer 11

Genetically modified organism

Question 12

Rapid diffusion of new
agricultural technology,
especially new high-yield seeds
and fertilizers

Answer 12

Green revolution

Question 13

The growing of fruits, vegetable,
and flowers

Answer 13

Horticulture

Question 14

The area surrounding a city
from which milk is supplied
(how far the milk can travel
without spoiling)

Answer 14

Milkshed

Question 15

A farming practice that leaves
all of the soil undisturbed and
the entire residue of the
previous year’s harvest left
untouched on the fields.

Answer 15

No Tillage

Question 16

Capturing fish faster than they
can reproduce

Answer 16

Overfishing

Question 17

A system of planting crops on
ridge tops in order to reduce
farm production costs and
promote greater soil
conservation

Answer 17

Ridge tillage

Question 18

Agriculture designed primarily
to provide food for direct
consumption by the farmer and
the farmer’s family

Answer 18

Subsistence agriculture

Question 19

The seasonal migration of
livestock between mountains
and lowland pastures

Answer 19

Transhumance

Question 20

Dietary energy consumption
that is continuously below the
minimum requirement for
maintaining a healthy life and
carrying out light physical
activity

Answer 20

Undernourishment

Question 21

A plant that is deliberately planted, protected, cared for, and used by humans and is genetically distinct from its wild ancestors

Answer 21

Domesticated plant

Question 22

An animal that depends on people for food and shelter and is different from its wild ancestors in looks and behavior as a result of close contact with humans

Answer 22

Domesticated animal

Question 23

The arrangement of shapes on earths surface

Answer 23

topogroghy

Question 24

A farming operation wholly owned by a family of family corporation that sells its products to some defined market, either directly or through a cooperative

Answer 24

family farm

Question 25

In agriculture, a primary product that can be bought and sold, such as coffee, rice, or milk

Answer 25

commodity

Question 26

A series of links connecting a commodity’s many places of production, distribution and consumption

Answer 26

commodity chain

Question 27

cost advantages to manufacturers that arise from high volume production because the average cost of production falls with increasing output

Answer 27

economies of scale

Question 28

a commitment to satisfying human food and textile needs and to enhancing the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole, now and an the future; it requires a balance among feeding the growing population, minimizing environmental impacts and ensuring social justice

Answer 28

sustainable agriculture

Question 29

a living organism, including crops and livestock, that is produced through genetic engineering

Answer 29

Genetically modified organism; GMO

Question 30

The cultivation and harvesting of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions

Answer 30

aquaculture

Question 31

the farming of saltwater species such as shrimp, oysters, and marine fish farmers

Answer 31

mariculture