Unit 6-Evolution/Classification Review Flashcards
Binomial nomenclature
An organism’s classification based on its genus and species name
Homo sapiens: Homo is genus and sapiens is species
What are the classification levels of organisms?
Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Dumb Kids Play Carelessly On Freeways Get Squished
What are the 6 Kingdoms?
Animal, Plant, Protist, Fungi, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
What is the difference between Eubacteria and Archeabacteria?
Eubacteria live in normal environments found on earth, but Archaebacteria live in extreme environments.
Evolution
The process of change over time
Species are separate when they can no longer _______ ______________.
sexually reproduce
Steps of natural selection
1) Genetic variation (via random mutation or allele combinations)
2) Overproduction of offspring, some die
3) Competition for limited resources
4) Survival and reproduction of the fittest
Speciesisation
The creation of a new species
Hybrid
A mix of two species ex. liger, mule
Steps to creation of a new species
1) Geographic isolation
2) Reproductive isolation
Geographic isolation
A species is divided by a physical barrier
Reproductive isolation
Once a species has been separated for long enough, they can no longer reproduce.
Macroevolution
changes that lead to replacement of one species with another
What are the types of natural selection
1) Stabilizing selection
2) Directional selection
3) Diversifying selection
Stabilizing selection
bell curve gets skinnier, more of the population have that same trait
Directional Selection
Bell curve shifts left or right, more of the population goes towards one extreme of that trait
Diversifying selection
Bell curve goes towards each end (bimodal), population splits going towards either extreme
Microevolution
Evolution of a small group of organisms over a short period of time
Evidence of microevolution
Industrial melanism- white and black moths
Pesticide/antibiotic resistance- pest adapt to pesticides
Evidence of Macroevolution
Fossil evidence
Comparative biochemistry-DNA
Homologues structures
two similar traits, similar structure, indicate shared ancestor.
whale fin, arm, dog leg
Analogues Structures
Similar traits, serve same purpose
bee wing, bat wing, bird wing
Vestigial Structures
structures that have little to no function; wisdom teeth
Comparative embryology
similar development suggests common ancestor
Abiogenesis
the false theory that nonliving material prodcues living material
Biogenesis
the true theory that life creates other life
What did the evolution of types of organism look like?
1) First anaerobic heterotrophs because there was no oxygen in the atmosphere
2) the anaerobic heterotrophs produced CO2 so then there were autotrophs that used that CO2 to make food and produce O2
3) that O2 was then used by anaerobic heterotrophs
4 ingredients on early earth
water vapor, amonia, hydrogen, methane
Endosymbiosis theory
Some bacteria evolved to live inside other bacteria, evidence for this is in mitochondria (has own separate DNA) and chloroplast (has own separate DNA), this was the beginng of organelles
What were the first Eukaryotes
Protists
