Unit 3-DNA/Protein Synthesis Review Flashcards
3 Parts of a nucleotide
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
A DNA strand has the following sequence of bases: AAGTCG. What would be the sequence of bases on the complementary strand?
TTCAGC
What major class of carbon compounds is formed from nucleotides?
Nucleic acids
What are the nitrogen bases for RNA
AUCG
What are the nitrogen bases of DNA
ATCG
Where in the cell is DNA
Nucleus
Where in the cell is RNA
mRNA- nucleus and cytoplasm
tRNA & rRNA-cytoplasm
Function of DNA
Contains hereditary information and code for proteins
Function of mRNA
contains codons for proteins , transcribed from DNA
Function of tRNA
brings amino acids to create proteins/peptides
Function of rRNA
ribosome structure
DNA is _____ stranded and RNA is ______ stranded
Double, Single
What is Transcription
mRNA is created from the DNA code
where dose transcription take place
nucleus
where dose mRNA take the code after being transcribed
ribosomes/cytoplasm
A DNA strand has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: CCTACG. What will be the sequence of bases in the mRNA that results from transcription?
GGAUGC
what happens during translation
The mRNA code is translated into an amino acid chain at the ribosome, with amino acids brought by tRNA
what type of molecules do tRNA carry
amino acids
What is a DNA mutation
Altering of the DNA code
nonsense mutation
A mutation that causes a program to stop instead of coding for the appropriate codon
missense mutation
A point mutation that causes a different amino acid to be coded for
silent mutation
A change in the nucleotide that dose not change the amino acid sequence
What type of mutations are the most dangerous
Frame-shift
What factors cause mutations
Chemical, radiation, environmental factors
point mutation
one base gets changed
frameshift mutation
1 base gets added or deleted
chromosomal mutation
entire chromosome gets changed
3 types of chromosomal mutation
insertion- extra part is added
deletion-part is deleted
inversion-part of chromosome breaks off and reattaches wrong
Mutations can only be inherited if they occur in what type of cell
sex cells
Cancer
abnormal cell growth that results in a tumor
caused by mutations that effect growth and division
