Unit 6: Epidemiology Q&A Flashcards
What is the typical prevalence of anxiety in the adult population?
While each anxiety disorder can be broken down further, the prevalence of any anxiety disorder among adults is 19.1%, with females having higher rates of anxiety disorders than males.
What are the different types of anxiety?
There are many types, but the most common are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and various phobia-related disorders
What are the common signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety?
-Displaying excessive anxiety or worry on most days for at least 6 months Symptoms include: -Feeling Restless -Fatigue -Difficulty concentrating -Irritability -Muscle Tension -Sleep Disturbances
What are the risk factors for anxiety disorder?
Shyness or behavioral inhibition, stressful life or environmental events in early childhood, family history of anxiety disorder, health conditions such as a thyroid disorder, and use of certain substances and medications
What are the common medications prescribed for anxiety?
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Serotonin-Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Benzodiazepines
- Beta-Blockers
- Monamine Oxidase inhibitors
What is the typical prevalence of depression and bipolar disorder in the adult population?
Major depressive disorder affects 7.1% of adults, with more females impacted than
males. 2.8% of adults have bipolar disorder, with the rates of females and males affected being approximately equal
What are the different types of depressive disorder
- Depression is described as being a persistent depressive disorder or dysthymia,
- Postpartum depression
- Psychotic depression
- Seasonal affective disorder
Depression (persistent depressive disorder/dysthymia)
A depressed mood that lasts for at least two years.
Postpartum Depression
Depression that occurs within a few weeks of having a baby.
Psychotic Depression
Depression that is so severe a person develops delusions or hallucinations.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Occurs when a person has depression during the winter months when there is less natural light
Bipolar disorder (aka manic-depressive illness/bipolar disorder I).
- Bipolar II disorder
- Cyclothymic disorder
- There are also bipolar disorders that do not fit into any specific categories.
Bipolar disorder (aka manic-depressive illness/bipolar disorder I).
Involves manic episodes of more than seven days and depressive episodes lasting a few week
Bipolar II Disorder
Characterized by depression and hypomanic episodes that do not turn into major manic episodes.
Cyclothymic Disorder
Includes hypomanic symptoms with periods of depression lasting for more than two years.
What are the common signs and symptoms of depression?
-Feeling empty
-Hopeless
-Irritable
-Guilty
-Fatigued
-Restless
Having difficulty concentrating and remembering
-Changes in appetite
-Physical feelings of pain without cause
-Thoughts of suicide.
What are the common signs and symptoms of bipolar?
- Periods of intense emotion
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Activity levels
- Unusual behaviors.
Bipolar Manic episodes include:
- Feeling very high or elated’
- Having lots of energy
- Becoming more active than usual
- Talking quickly
- Being irritable
- Racing thoughts
- Doing risky things
Bipolar Depressive Episodes include:
- Feeling sad or empty
- Having little energy
- Decreased activity
- Feeling worried
- Having difficulty concentrating
- Changes in appetite
- Thoughts of suicide
What are the common medications prescribed for depression?
-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
-Serotonin and norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitors
-Tricyclic antidepressants
-Tetracyclic antidepressants
-Dopamine reuptake blockers.
-There are many other medications and natural remedies that people may
use to treat depression.
What are the common medications prescribed for bipolar disorder?
- Mood stabilizers: Lithium
- Antipsychotics: Risperidone
- Antidepressants
- Antidepressant-antipsychotics: Symbyax
- Anti-anxiety medications: Benzodiazepines
What is the typical prevalence of PTSD in the general population?
3.6% of adults have had PTSD in the past year. It is more common for females than males to develop PTSD.
What are the risk factors for PTSD?
Anyone can develop PTSD, but some factors increase a person’s risk. These
factors include living through dangerous events, getting hurt, seeing someone else get hurt, childhood trauma, extreme fear, lack of social support after a traumatic event, excessive stress after a traumatic event, a history of mental illness, a history of substance abuse.
What are the common signs and symptoms of PTSD in adults?
- Symptoms of PTSD begin within three months of a traumatic event, though some may not develop for years afterward.
- Symptoms last for longer than a month and may interfere with relationships and work. PTSD may be an acute response to a particular loss or event, or chronic when it lasts more than six months.
- People with PTSD have other symptoms for at least one month
People with PTSD have all of the following symptoms for at least one month:
-One re-experiencing symptom (flashbacks, bad dreams, frightening thoughts)
-One avoidance symptom (staying away from reminders of the traumatic experience, avoiding thoughts or feelings related to this traumatic experience)
-Two arousal or reactivity symptoms (being easily startled, feeling tense, difficulty
sleeping, angry outbursts)
-Two cognitive and mood symptoms (difficulty remembering, negative thoughts, guilt or blame, loss of interest in activities)
What are the common signs and symptoms of PTSD in children?
Children may have some of the same signs and symptoms of adults but in young children less than 6 years old, additional symptoms may include wetting the bed, selective mutism, acting out the event during play, separation anxiety.
What are the common medications prescribed for PTSD?
Antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and prazosin
