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USAHS Cond 2 > Unit 6: Epidemiology Q&A > Flashcards

Unit 6: Epidemiology Q&A Flashcards

1
Q

What is the typical prevalence of anxiety in the adult population?

A

While each anxiety disorder can be broken down further, the prevalence of any anxiety disorder among adults is 19.1%, with females having higher rates of anxiety disorders than males.

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2
Q

What are the different types of anxiety?

A

There are many types, but the most common are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and various phobia-related disorders

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3
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety?

A 
-Displaying excessive anxiety or worry on most days for at least 6 months
Symptoms include:
-Feeling Restless
-Fatigue
-Difficulty concentrating
-Irritability
-Muscle Tension
-Sleep Disturbances
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4
Q

What are the risk factors for anxiety disorder?

A

Shyness or behavioral inhibition, stressful life or environmental events in early childhood, family history of anxiety disorder, health conditions such as a thyroid disorder, and use of certain substances and medications

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5
Q

What are the common medications prescribed for anxiety?

A
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • Serotonin-Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Beta-Blockers
  • Monamine Oxidase inhibitors
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6
Q

What is the typical prevalence of depression and bipolar disorder in the adult population?

A

Major depressive disorder affects 7.1% of adults, with more females impacted than
males. 2.8% of adults have bipolar disorder, with the rates of females and males affected being approximately equal

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7
Q

What are the different types of depressive disorder

A
  • Depression is described as being a persistent depressive disorder or dysthymia,
  • Postpartum depression
  • Psychotic depression
  • Seasonal affective disorder
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8
Q

Depression (persistent depressive disorder/dysthymia)

A

A depressed mood that lasts for at least two years.

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9
Q

Postpartum Depression

A

Depression that occurs within a few weeks of having a baby.

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10
Q

Psychotic Depression

A

Depression that is so severe a person develops delusions or hallucinations.

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11
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder

A

Occurs when a person has depression during the winter months when there is less natural light

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12
Q
A

Bipolar disorder (aka manic-depressive illness/bipolar disorder I).

  • Bipolar II disorder
  • Cyclothymic disorder
  • There are also bipolar disorders that do not fit into any specific categories.
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13
Q

Bipolar disorder (aka manic-depressive illness/bipolar disorder I).

A

Involves manic episodes of more than seven days and depressive episodes lasting a few week

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14
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A

Characterized by depression and hypomanic episodes that do not turn into major manic episodes.

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15
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

Includes hypomanic symptoms with periods of depression lasting for more than two years.

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16
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of depression?

A

-Feeling empty
-Hopeless
-Irritable
-Guilty
-Fatigued
-Restless
Having difficulty concentrating and remembering
-Changes in appetite
-Physical feelings of pain without cause
-Thoughts of suicide.

17
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of bipolar?

A
  • Periods of intense emotion
  • Changes in sleep patterns
  • Activity levels
  • Unusual behaviors.
18
Q

Bipolar Manic episodes include:

A
  • Feeling very high or elated’
  • Having lots of energy
  • Becoming more active than usual
  • Talking quickly
  • Being irritable
  • Racing thoughts
  • Doing risky things
19
Q

Bipolar Depressive Episodes include:

A
  • Feeling sad or empty
  • Having little energy
  • Decreased activity
  • Feeling worried
  • Having difficulty concentrating
  • Changes in appetite
  • Thoughts of suicide
20
Q

What are the common medications prescribed for depression?

A

-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
-Serotonin and norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitors
-Tricyclic antidepressants
-Tetracyclic antidepressants
-Dopamine reuptake blockers.
-There are many other medications and natural remedies that people may
use to treat depression.

21
Q

What are the common medications prescribed for bipolar disorder?

A
  • Mood stabilizers: Lithium
  • Antipsychotics: Risperidone
  • Antidepressants
  • Antidepressant-antipsychotics: Symbyax
  • Anti-anxiety medications: Benzodiazepines
22
Q

What is the typical prevalence of PTSD in the general population?

A

3.6% of adults have had PTSD in the past year. It is more common for females than males to develop PTSD.

23
Q

What are the risk factors for PTSD?

A

Anyone can develop PTSD, but some factors increase a person’s risk. These
factors include living through dangerous events, getting hurt, seeing someone else get hurt, childhood trauma, extreme fear, lack of social support after a traumatic event, excessive stress after a traumatic event, a history of mental illness, a history of substance abuse.

24
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of PTSD in adults?

A
  • Symptoms of PTSD begin within three months of a traumatic event, though some may not develop for years afterward.
  • Symptoms last for longer than a month and may interfere with relationships and work. PTSD may be an acute response to a particular loss or event, or chronic when it lasts more than six months.
  • People with PTSD have other symptoms for at least one month
25
Q

People with PTSD have all of the following symptoms for at least one month:

A

-One re-experiencing symptom (flashbacks, bad dreams, frightening thoughts)
-One avoidance symptom (staying away from reminders of the traumatic experience, avoiding thoughts or feelings related to this traumatic experience)
-Two arousal or reactivity symptoms (being easily startled, feeling tense, difficulty
sleeping, angry outbursts)
-Two cognitive and mood symptoms (difficulty remembering, negative thoughts, guilt or blame, loss of interest in activities)

26
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of PTSD in children?

A

Children may have some of the same signs and symptoms of adults but in young children less than 6 years old, additional symptoms may include wetting the bed, selective mutism, acting out the event during play, separation anxiety.

27
Q

What are the common medications prescribed for PTSD?

A

Antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and prazosin

USAHS Cond 2 (14 decks)

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