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USAHS Cond 2 > Unit 6: DSM > Flashcards

Unit 6: DSM Flashcards

1
Q

What does DSM stand for?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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2
Q

Who is the DSM published by?

A

The American Psychiatric Association is used for diagnosing mental disorders and that helps with overall assessment and treatment planning processes when working with people with mental illness

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3
Q

Important dates for DSM

A

DSM-5: 2013
1st: 1952
(precursor to DSM was in 1920, focused on prevalence)

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4
Q

What is a mental. disorder?

A

Characterized by significant disturbances in individuals cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning
-And its always associated with distress or disability. and social, occupational, or other important activites

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5
Q

Is the DSM an acceptable cultural response?

A

No, it is not an acceptable cultural response to stressors or loss such as the emotional response to the death of someone close

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6
Q

Is the DSM social deviance?

A

No, that conflicts with a person in their society such as political, religious, or sexual nonconformity unless that deviance is a result of dysfunction in the individual

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the DSM-5?

A

It is the go to tool for diagnosing disorders.

  • Can determine health-based services and the benefits because of the links that they have with diagnostic criteria to the ICD-10 codes (this includes access to OT services and other related professionals)
  • A DSM diagnosis can influence disability status which can also impact social services supports (including social security insurance and social security disability insurance, Medicaid, and some housing services)
  • Often part of court proceedings when civil or criminal activity may be related to mental health conditions
  • There are long lasting effects of the determination of a DSM diagnosis
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8
Q

What are the components of the DSM-5?

A
  • Diagnostic criteria
  • Diagnostic features
  • Associated features supporting diagnosis
  • Prevelance
  • Development and course
  • Risk and prognostic factors
  • Functional consequences
  • Differential diagnosis
  • Comborbidities
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9
Q

Some disorders in the DSM-5 also have relevant points that are specific only to that condition which include…

A
  • Cultural related diagnostic issues
  • Gender related diagnostic issues
  • Suicide risk factors
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10
Q

Two or more of these symptoms are needed to diagnosis schizophrenia… (diagnostic criteria)

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganized speech
  • Disorganized or catonic behavior
  • Negative symptoms (such as abolition or diminished emotional expression)
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11
Q

Diagnostic Features of Schizophrenia

A
  • Impairement in one or more areas of functioning

- Signs of symptoms for at least 6 months

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12
Q

Associated Features supporting Schizophrenia Diagnosis

A
  • May or may not be symptomatic of themselves but will be observed with a disorder
  • Inappropriate affect (such as laughing without a cause)
  • Problems with their working memory or slower processing speed
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13
Q

Prevalence of Schizophrenia

A
  • Known occurences for each of the conditions

- For schizophrenia, .3%-.7% of the population has the diagnosis

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14
Q

Development and Course of Schizophrenia

A
  • How a person may develop the disorder

- With schizophrenia, peak age of on-set is early to mid 20’s for males and late 20’s for females

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15
Q

Risk and Prognostic Factors for Schizophrenia

A
  • Birth Complications (hypoxia and older birth parents)

- Urban environment

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16
Q

Functional Consequences of Schizophrenia

A

How the symptoms may impact the persons overall functioning

  • Maintaining employment
  • Avolition
  • Social Consequences
17
Q

Differential Diagnosis

A

Behaviors or symptoms that the individual is displaying may be other disorders that should be considered before confirming diagnosis
-Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder may present similarly

18
Q

Schizophrenia vs. Schizoaffective disorder

A

Schizoaffective disorder may show manic or depressive episodes concurrently with psychotic symptoms

19
Q

Comorbitities of Schizophrenia

A

Conditions that are often paired with the particular disorder

  • Anxiety disorders, substance-related disorders, and tobacco use
  • Other factors that may reduce life expextancies that commonly co-occur with the disorder
  • Health maintenance
20
Q

What are the critiques of the DSM-5?

A
  • Criticism from the medical community

- Crtiique from the disability community

21
Q

Criticism in the Medical Community

A
  • Psychoanalytical foundations were evident in the DSM-I and DSM-II
  • Validity and reliability
  • Some of the disorders are contested as disorders at all
  • Changes from the 4th to the 5th version in relation to the ASD (ODD)
  • Validity and reliability to psychometric detail has diminished compared to DSM-III
22
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (crisicism in the medical community)

A

Characterized by angry or irritable mood, argumentative and spiteful behavior, for 6 months or more

  • Often diagnosed in adolescents
  • Some say that these symptoms may be just a stronger pronunciation of typical developmental behavior and medicalizing these behaviors may stigmatize the adolescent and set them up for a particular response from others that further perpetuates the culture of helplessness or expectations of risky behavior
23
Q

Critique of DSM-5 Generated from professionals that work with children who have autism spectrum disorder with a new criterion (OT’s included)

A

Significant changes from 4th to 5th version in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

  • Many OT’s are pleased to see that the the version includes atypical sensory processing responses in the diagnostic criteria, many are concerned that this will divert sensory processing expertise from OT and direct it to the field of psychiatry
  • The new criteria for ASD states that symptomatology needs to have been evident within the first 5 years of life
  • Criteria would significantly limit young people obtaining services where many of these symptoms may not appear until a child with ASD is socially interactive with others in school-based settings
24
Q

The overall critique about DSM-5

A

That the rigor and the validity and reliability has paled in comparison to the commitment to strong psychometric details that were important in the DSM-3
-Some say that there are now a host of disorders that are included in the 4th and 5th version that have not undergone the same type of scrutiny as the conditions did in earlier versions, others say we are swinging back into classification and diagnostic principles based on theory again (concern because diagnosis can severely impact individuals life and access to services

25
Q

Critiques in the Disability Community

A

Social model of disability vs. the medical model of disability

  • Many disability rights communities do not see the DSM-5 or the other versions as helpful for obtaining treatment but see it more as restricting because it produces and us vs. them mentality.
  • With the social model of disability vs. the medical model of disability such as what produced the DSM, stigma and social exclusion are the main barriers to accessing services and quality of occupational participation, not the diagnoses.
26
Q

Social Model of Disability (Critiques in the Disability Community)

A

Asserts that services such as OT are hinged on requiring a code that’s derived from labeling a disorder from the American psychiatric Association and that its unjust and ultimately perpetuates stigma

27
Q

What were the early versions of the DSM basing diagnostic criteria on?

A

On the theoretical principles of the time vs. empirical evidence
-Psychoanalytical foundations were evident in the DSM 1 & 2 even as more biologically based systems of understanding mental illness were being formulated

28
Q

DSM-3

A

1970

-Validity and reliability of criterion were considered

29
Q

c

A

USAHS Cond 2 (14 decks)

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