Unit 6 - Digestive System Flashcards
what are proteins broken down into
amino acids
what are carbohydrates broken down into?
simple sugars (glucose or maltose)
what is fat broken down into
fatty acids
what are nucleic acids broken down into
nucleotides
why do mechanical digestion using teeth, increase the reaction rate?
it increases the surface area
what are two structures that make up the mouth
the anterior hard palate and posterior soft palate
what is the functions of the mouth (there is three of them)
receives food, mechanical digestion of food, chemical digestion of starch
what is the enzyme produced from salivary glands
salivary amylase
what are the three kinds of salivary glands
parotid, sublingual, and submandibular
what does saliva consist of
water, mucus and salivary amylase
once food has been chewed, what is it called
bolus
where does the food enter first, after being chewed?
the nasophagus
what structure covers the internal nares when shallowing
uvula
the flap of tissue which moves and covers the trachea when swallowing
epiglottis
why is the esophagus lined with mucus
for lubrication of the bolus being swallowed
what is the rhythmic contractions of the esophageal muscles called?
peristalsis
what is reverse peristalsis
vomiting
once bolus has reached the end of the esophagus, it arrives to what structure
the cardiac sphincter
what are the functions of the stomach
- temporary food storage
- mechanical digestion
- chemical digestion of proteins
how long the stomach store food for?
2-6 hours
what are the folds within the stomach called
rugae
how many layers of muscle contract for mechanical digestion
three
what do gastric glands produce
gastric juice
where are the gastric glands located
the mucus lining of the stomach
what are the three components of gastric juice
pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, and mucus
what is the active version of pepsinogen
pepsin
