Unit 6 & 7 (Physics) Flashcards
The study of interactions of matter and energy in all their diverse forms
physics
Anything that occupies space and has form or shape
matter
The constant quantity of matter within a physical oobject
mass
The term used to describe mass of an object in a gravitational field
weight
What are the 3 base quantities?
mass
length
time
What is defined as the distance from one end to another end
length
What is the standard unit of time
second (s)
The segment of physics that deals with the motion of objects
mechanics
Velocity can also be called ______
speed
What is the equation for velocity?
V=d/t (distance/time)
What is the rate of change of velocity with time
acceleration
What is the equation for acceleration?
A=Vf-Vo/t (final velocity-initial velocity) (divided by time)
The act, process, or state of changing place or position
motion
What law states “A body will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force”?
Newton’s First Law: Inertia
What is the equation for force?
F=mXa (mass X acceleration)
What law states “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”?
Newton’s Third Law: Acion/Reaction
What is the acceleration of gravity on earth?
9.8 m/s2 (squared)
What is the acceleration of gravity on the moon?
1.6 m/s2(squared)
A force on a body caused by the downward pull of gravity on it
weight
What is the equation for weight?
Wt = m X g (mass X acceleration of gravity)
What is the equation for work?
W = f X d (force X distance)
What is the ability to do work?
energy
What is the energy to do work by virtue of position
potential energy
What is energy in motion?
Kinetic energy
What is the equation for potential energy?
PE = mgh (mass X acceleration of gravity X height)
What is the equation for kinetic energy?
KE = 1/2 mv2 (mass X velocity squared)
What is the type of energy found in an xray?
electromagnetic energy
What are the 3 ways heat can be transferred?
conduction, convection & radiation
How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius?
F = (9/5C) + 32 C= 5/9 (F-32)
What is the smallest particle that has all the properties of an element?
atom
What is the earliest reference to the term atom called?
Greek atom
What type of atom do we still refer to today?
Bohr Atom
What is the nucleus of an atom?
positively charged core in the center of the atom
What charge do protons have?
+1
What charge do electrons have?
-1
What charge do neutrons have?
neutral
What is the Z number?
atomic # / total number of protons
What is the A number?
total # of protons and neutrons
What do you calculate the electron limit per shell?
2(n)squared (2 X shell # squared)
*the letter K starts at 1 and each letter increases by 1
What is an unstable atom, or an atom with an additional electron or an electron removed?
ionized atom
What are atoms called that have the same # of protons but a different # of neutrons
an ison?otope
What are radioactive atoms that have the same # of protons?
radioisotope
Which radioactive decay process is a more violent process and could cause more harm to the body?
Alpha process
What is particulate radiation?
Any subatomic particle capable of causing ionization
What are the 2 forms of electromagnetic radiation?
x-rays and gamma rays
