Section H

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

upright position with arms down and palms forward, head directed straight ahead and feet and toes extended down

Question 2

Supine

Answer 2

patient lying on his back

Question 3

Prone

Answer 3

patient lying on his abdomen in a face down position

Question 4

Recumbent

Answer 4

lying down in any position

Question 5

Trendelenburg

Answer 5

recumbent position with body plane tilted so that the head is lower than the feet

Question 6

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 6

refers to back of patient

Question 7

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 7

refers to the front of patient

Question 8

Posterior-Anterior

Answer 8

abbreviated PA; X-rays enter at the posterior surface and exit at the anterior surface

Question 9

Anterior-Posterior

Answer 9

abbreviated AP; xrays enter at the anterior surface and exit at the posterior surface

Question 10

Lateral

Answer 10

abbreviated lat; refers to a view. A true lateral will always be a 90 degree rotation from a true AP or PA

Question 11

Oblique

Answer 11

abbreviated obli . This describes the position which does not form a right angle or which is not true AP or PA or Lateral, but somewhere in between.

Question 12

2 types of obliques

Answer 12

anterior oblique and posterior oblique. These are further divided into right and left obliques

Ex. If a patient is rotated approx. 45 degrees from an AP with her left posterior side closest to the film she would be in a left posterior oblique (LPO)

Question 13

Decubitus

Answer 13

a horizontal beam radiograph where the patient is lying down

• The purpose of a horizontal beam radiograph relates to the determination of air-fluid levels and free air within the body cavity

Question 14

Caudal

Answer 14

an angle of the beam towards the feet

Question 15

Cephalic

Answer 15

an angle of the beam toward the head

Question 16

Plantar

Answer 16

the sole or the posterior surface of the foot

Question 17

Dorsum

Answer 17

the top or the anterior surface of the foot

Question 18

Palmar or Volar

Answer 18

the palm surface of the hand

Question 19

Inferior

Answer 19

parts away from the head end of the body

Question 20

Superior

Answer 20

parts towards the head

Question 21

Proximal

Answer 21

used to designate that the part is closest to the beginning of the structure

Question 22

Distal

Answer 22

used to designate that the part is farthest from the beginning of the structure

Question 23

Flexion

Answer 23

flexing or bending a joint

Question 24

Extension

Answer 24

straightening or increasing the angle of a joint

Question 25

Adduction

Answer 25

the movement towards the body (laterally)

Question 26

Abduction

Answer 26

the movement away from the body (laterally)

Question 27

Inversion

Answer 27

an inward movement of the entire foot with the foot remaining in the AP position

Question 28

Pronation

Answer 28

a rotation of the hand so the palm is facing down or back

Question 29

Supination

Answer 29

a rotation of the hand so the palm is facing forward

Question 30

Mid-Sagittal Plane

Answer 30

plane diving the body into equal right and left halves

Question 31

Mid-Coronal Plane

Answer 31

plane dividing the body into equal anterior and posterior halves

Question 32

Transverse Plane

Answer 32

passes crosswise through the body at right angles to the mig-sagittal and mid-coronal planes, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

Question 33

Projection

Answer 33

the path of the xray beam and describes the point of entrance and exit on the patient’s body

Question 34

2 types of projections

Answer 34

axial & tangential

Question 35

Axial

Answer 35

longitudinal angulation of the CR (central ray) with the long axis of the body part

Question 36

Tangential

Answer 36

CR (central ray) skim between body parts to profile bony structures free of superimposition