Chapter 11 Flashcards
Remnant radiation
x-rays that remain after the useful beam exits the patient
Latent image
An image that cannot be seen; invisible change induced in the silver halide crystal
Manifest image
The observable image formed when the latent image undergoes the proper chemical processing
Photographic effect
The formation of the latent image
Parts of the film
Base
Adhesive layer
Emulsion
Supercoating
What is the heart of the x-ray film?
Emulsion
Sensitivity Speck (center)
the physical imperfections in the lattice of the emulsion layer that occur during the film manufacturing process
What is the active ingredient in emulsion?
Silver Halide
What forms the latent image?
Photo interaction with the silver halide crystal
Step 1 in forming a latent image
silver halide crystal before exposure
Step 2 in forming a latent image
radiation interacts with crystal liberating electrons
Step 3 in forming a latent image
Negatively charges electrons and positive ions float free in the emulsion
Step 4 in forming a latent image
Sensitivity speck traps the electrons
Step 5 in forming a latent image
Each trapped electron attracts a silver ion
Step 6 in forming a latent image
Silver ion is neutralized and converted to metallic silver (latent image)
Crossover
The exposure of an emulsion by light from the opposite side
Spectral matching
film is sensitive to various colors of light and is matched to the light which is emitted from the screens
Safelights
incandescent lamps with a color filter
Direct-Exposure Film
NEVER used today
Is carried in a cardboard holder or packaged paper wrapping
Laser film
used in a laser printer
common to be used for multiple images
Artifacts
any irregular density on a radiograph that is not caused by the proper shadowing of an object by the primary beam
What happens to film if stored in heat or humidity?
reduces the contrast
What is the purpose of processing?
intensifies latent image and makes it visible
Sequence of Automatic processor
Development
Fixing
Washing
Drying