Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Remnant radiation

A

x-rays that remain after the useful beam exits the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Latent image

A

An image that cannot be seen; invisible change induced in the silver halide crystal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Manifest image

A

The observable image formed when the latent image undergoes the proper chemical processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Photographic effect

A

The formation of the latent image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parts of the film

A

Base
Adhesive layer
Emulsion
Supercoating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the heart of the x-ray film?

A

Emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensitivity Speck (center)

A

the physical imperfections in the lattice of the emulsion layer that occur during the film manufacturing process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the active ingredient in emulsion?

A

Silver Halide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What forms the latent image?

A

Photo interaction with the silver halide crystal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Step 1 in forming a latent image

A

silver halide crystal before exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Step 2 in forming a latent image

A

radiation interacts with crystal liberating electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Step 3 in forming a latent image

A

Negatively charges electrons and positive ions float free in the emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Step 4 in forming a latent image

A

Sensitivity speck traps the electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Step 5 in forming a latent image

A

Each trapped electron attracts a silver ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Step 6 in forming a latent image

A

Silver ion is neutralized and converted to metallic silver (latent image)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Crossover

A

The exposure of an emulsion by light from the opposite side

17
Q

Spectral matching

A

film is sensitive to various colors of light and is matched to the light which is emitted from the screens

18
Q

Safelights

A

incandescent lamps with a color filter

19
Q

Direct-Exposure Film

A

NEVER used today

Is carried in a cardboard holder or packaged paper wrapping

20
Q

Laser film

A

used in a laser printer

common to be used for multiple images

21
Q

Artifacts

A

any irregular density on a radiograph that is not caused by the proper shadowing of an object by the primary beam

22
Q

What happens to film if stored in heat or humidity?

A

reduces the contrast

23
Q

What is the purpose of processing?

A

intensifies latent image and makes it visible

24
Q

Sequence of Automatic processor

A

Development
Fixing
Washing
Drying

25
Function of developer?
Converts latent image (invisible) into the manifest image (visible)
26
3 factors development
Temperature Time Concentration
27
What happens if you increase temp, time or concentration during development?
it increases density (too dark)
28
What happens if you decrease temp, time or concentration during development?
it decreases density (too light)
29
Function of fixer?
Removes undeveloped silver halide crystals from film and fixes (or sets) the film
30
Hypo retention
used to describe the undesirable retention of the fixer in the emulsion
31
Function of wash?
to remove residual chemicals left in emulsion
32
Function of dryer?
Blows warm air over both sides of the film to completely dry the film
33
Preventive processor maintenance
planned parts replacement
34
Non-scheduled processor maintenance
unexpected failures
35
What happens to density, contrast, and definition if you increase time and/or temperature?
Density increases | Contrast and definition (detail) decrease