Unit 6

Question 1

capsid

Answer 1

protein coat on a virus particle that contains nucleic acid and attaches to a target cell

Question 2

phage

Answer 2

virus that affects bacteria

Question 3

lytic cycle

Answer 3

part of virus replication that is disease causing (virulent)

Question 4

lysogenic cycle

Answer 4

part of virus replication that is the latent period

Question 5

vectors

Answer 5

things that transmit the virus to the host, doesn’t get the disease though

Question 6

prokaryotes

Answer 6

unicellular microbes lacking membrane-bound organelles, evolved 3.5 billion years ago

Question 7

gram stain

Answer 7

used to classify bacteria based on the amount and positions of peptidoglycan in cell wall; gram positive = purple, gram-negative = pink

Question 8

pathology

Answer 8

Study of disease

Question 9

pathogens

Answer 9

bacteria that cause disease

Question 10

antibiotics

Answer 10

drugs that combat bacteria

Question 11

mycology

Answer 11

Study of fungi

Question 12

lichen

Answer 12

Association between fungus and Algae or cyanobacteria

Question 13

mycorrhizae

Answer 13

Association between fungus and plant roots; Vastly increases root absorption

Question 14

cuticle

Answer 14

waxy coating covering leaves

Question 15

stomata

Answer 15

openings that allow stuff in/out of leaf

Question 16

vascular tissue

Answer 16

vessels that allow water travel against gravity

Question 17

alternation of generations

Answer 17

haploid gametophyte phase alternates with a diploid sporophyte phase to complete a plant lifecycle

Question 18

pollination

Answer 18

when pollen grain lands on sticky stigma

Question 19

fertilization

Answer 19

sperm in pollen grain reaches overy and fuses with the egg

Question 20

meristems

Answer 20

regions of active mitosis; where plant growth occurs

Question 21

apical meristems

Answer 21

contribute to primary growth at tip of shoot and root

Question 22

lateral meristems

Answer 22

contribute to secondary growth in woody plants

Question 23

hormones

Answer 23

Chemical messengers secreted by one cell that causes a response in another

Question 24

auxins

Answer 24

promote cell elongation; contributes to the overall plant growth

Question 25

cytokinins

Answer 25

promote cell division

Question 26

gibberellins

Answer 26

promote seed germination; how seed knows when to germinate

Question 27

ethylene and abscisic acid

Answer 27

promote ripening

Question 28

tropism

Answer 28

movement toward or away from a stimulus in the environment

Question 29

phototropism

Answer 29

growth response to light

Question 30

gravitropism

Answer 30

response to gravity; seed knows which way to grow

Question 31

thigmotropism

Answer 31

response to contact with a solid

Question 32

virulence

Answer 32

degree to which a virus or other micro organism can cause widespread illness

Question 33

viral envelope

Answer 33

lipid membrane that surrounds the capsid in some viruses

Question 34

retrovirus

Answer 34

virus that uses RNA to synthesize DNA; causes HIV and tumors

Question 35

endocytosis

Answer 35

process by which materials are ingested by a cell through the cell membrane and then delivered to an organelle by vesicle

Question 36

chemoautotroph

Answer 36

organism that derives energy from inorganic materials in its environment

Question 37

anaerobes

Answer 37

organisms that can survive in the absence of oxygen

Question 38

photoautotroph

Answer 38

organism that derives energy from light and organic molecules

Question 39

extremophiles

Answer 39

organism that lives in the habitat were other organisms can't survive

Question 40

endosymbiosis

Answer 40

mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives entirely inside another

Question 41

peptidoglycan

Answer 41

polymer made up of sugar molecules and peptides that strengthens the cell walls of bacteria

Question 42

exotoxin

Answer 42

toxic chemical a bacterium releases as a weapon

Question 43

endotoxin

Answer 43

toxic product of a bacterial metabolism that is released when a bacterium is destroyed by a host's immune system

Question 44

mixotroph

Answer 44

organism that can alternate between producing its own food and feeding on other organisms or their metabolic products

Question 45

gymnosperm

Answer 45

plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed

Question 46

angiosperm

Answer 46

flowering plant that produces seeds in fruits or another enclosure

Question 47

monocot

Answer 47

angiosperm that produces just one embryonic leaf

Question 48

virology

Answer 48

Study of viruses, small infectious particle, and their interactions with humans and hosts

Question 49

nonvascular plants

Answer 49

simple plants without a vascular system

Question 50

bioremediation

Answer 50

using natural processes to clean up human-created problems