Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Science 9 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

antiparallel

A

two strands of DNA in a double helix run in opposite directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA polymerase

A

enzymes that assembles individual nucleotides into a new complementary strand of DNA using a template (gets correct nitrogenous base)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

helicase

A

enzyme that separates hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lagging strand

A

strand of DNA template, requires a slight delay before it is replicated and it must be replicated discontinuously in small fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

leading strand

A

strand of DNA template that is being replicated continuously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

primer

A

short segment of RNA that is inserted in a strand of DNA to start the replication process and is later replaced with DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

replisome

A

structure formed by proteins that carry out replication of a cell’s chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

replication fork

A

point where two strands of DNA molecule separate so they can each be copied to form a new DNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

replication

A

process in a cell to make an identical copy of DNA, prior to cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

transcription

A

DNA of a gene is copied to a segment of RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

translation

A

RNA moves to a ribosome, where it’s decoded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anaphase

A

DNA chromosomes become less condensed, centromeres divide (what hold sister chromatids together), spindle fibers pull sister chromatids towards opposite poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

centrioles

A

protein that holds DNA molecules together until it breaks down during anaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chromatin

A

loose form of DNA where codes can easily be copied for protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chromosome

A

tightly coiled DNA, highly organized and condensed- suitable for cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cytokinesis

A

phase of cell cycle where cytoplasm is pinched in 2 to make 2 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

metaphase

A

spindles pull chromosomes so they line up in center of the cell, centrioles migrate to opposite poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

prophase

A

phase of mitosis where the nuclear membrane breaks down, chromatin condenses into chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spindle fibers

A

microtubules connected to sister chromatids that tug towards opposite poles of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

telophase

A

reverse of prophase: spindle fibers and centrioles break down, nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes; nucleoli reform, chromosomes uncoil into chromatin, cell splits into 2 new daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

G1 phase

A

cell grows and carries out normal metabolic activities, gap phase between cell division and synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

synthesis (S) phase

A

cell makes complete copies of all its chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

G2 phase

A

cell becomes organized for cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

somatic cells

A

body cell, not a gamete, always diploid, has 23 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
diploid
having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
26
homologous chromosomes
chromosome that has the same genes in the same location as another chromosome but may have different alleles
27
allele
alternate version of gene, because of mutations in DNA
28
gamete
haploid cell (sperm or egg) that carries one parent's genes into the next generation
29
haploid
having a single set of chromosomes
30
zygote
diploid cell formed by the union of ovum and sperm
31
dihybrid
organism that is heterozygous for two traits
32
dominant
trait that is visible in the phenotype of both heterozygous and homozygous genotypes
33
heredity
transmission of characteristics that are determined by a combination of alleles
34
heterozygous
organism that has both a dominant and recessive trait, two different alleles
35
homozygous
organism that has two recessive or two dominant traits, have to be two of the same
36
genotype
genetic makeup for a trait; described using two alleles
37
phenotype
physical characteristics determined by a combination of alleles, external appearance
38
Punnett square
tool used to predict how alleles will be inherited in the next generation
39
recessive
trait that is present in an organism's genotype but can be masked by the dominant allele for that trait
40
test cross
experiment used to determine the genotype of one parent by crossing with a homozygous recessive organism and examining the offspring's phenotypes
41
P generation
parent generation in a genetic cross
42
F1 generation
first generation of offspring in a genetic cross, first filial generation
43
F2 generation
second generation of offspring in a genetic cross, second filial generation
44
gene
segment of DNA that codes for a protein that produces a specific trait
45
codon
set of three nitrogenous bases
46
anti-codon
set of three bases that complement the codon
47
centromere
what holds sister chromatids together
48
meiosis I
first cell division of meiosis, in which a diploid parent cell produces two haploid daughter cells
49
meiosis II
second cell division, in which the sister chromatids separate, that forms haploid gametes
50
spermatogenesis
mechanism for forming sperm in testes —> through meiosis/differentiation
51
oogenesis
process of forming ovum in ovary —> through meiosis/differentiation
52
genetic recombination
shuffling of genes/gene combos in each parent before gamete production, and random fertilization of gametes from both parents
53
translation
process of decoding the mRNA transcript into a chain of amino acids building a protein
54
transcription
process of building mRNA transcript, complementary copy of a gene
55
DNA
polymer of nucleotides arranged into a double helix
56
mitosis
division of the nucleus where two daughter cells are produced
57
meiosis
variation of mitosis where daughter cells receive half the number of chromosomes in the parent cells
58
RNA
ribonucleic acid, sugar is ribose, plays a role in protein synthesis
59
template
strand of nucleic acid that serves as a guide for the synthesis of a complementary strand of DNA or RNA
60
cell plate
forms during cytokinesis of plant cells but is absent in animal cell cytokinesis
61
histone
the type of proteins around which DNA coils to effectively shorten its length

Science 9 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions