Cell Theory/DNA Scientists

Question 1

Watson and Crick

Answer 1

synthesized work of everyone

discovered that each DNA molecule is a template for another

Question 2

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 2

used x-ray defraction (Photo 51), to develop the idea of a double helix

Question 3

Maurice Wilkins

Answer 3

worked with Franklin

provided access to Franklin’s photo to Watson and Crick

Question 4

Erwin Chargaff

Answer 4

determined that the four bases in DNA always appear in certain ratios (found ratio of nitrogenous bases)
A=T G=C

Question 5

Frederick Griffith

Answer 5

showed that an unknown substance from a disease causing strain of bacteria could transform harmless bacteria into pathogens
discovered a “transforming factor” in bacteria that causes disease

Question 6

Oswald Avery

Answer 6

discovered that Griffith’s “transforming factor” was DNA (not RNA or protein)
used protease, RNase, DNase to selectively destroy each type of macromolecule to observe the effects

Question 7

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 7

physician; concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells

Question 8

Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey

Answer 8

showed that the genetic information necessary to reprogram a cell must be carried by the viral nucleic acid
confirmed that DNA is responsible for heredity (using another scientist’s conclusions)

Question 9

Matthias Schleiden

Answer 9

botanist; concluded all plants are made of cells, contributed to cell theory

Question 10

Gregor Mendel

Answer 10

introduced the idea of a punnett square to determine the possible phenotypes/genotypes of an organism

Question 11

Theodor Scwann

Answer 11

concluded that all animals are made up of cells

Question 12

Robert Hooke

Answer 12

first to name and observe cells, observed cork cells